Chp. 25.1: The Beginnings of Industrialization
This country is often considered the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, with the rapid development of textile manufacturing in the late 18th century.
What is England/Great Britain?
This is a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.
What is a corporation?
This economic system, characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the pursuit of profit, was a driving force behind the Industrial Revolution.
What is capitalism?
The Dreyfus Affair, a political scandal and miscarriage of justice, unfolded in this European country during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Dreyfus Affair exposed deep-seated anti-Semitic sentiments when it was revealed that Dreyfus, who was Jewish, was unfairly targeted due to his religious background.
What is France?
In 1844, Samuel Morse successfully demonstrated the first practical version of this communication technology, which had a profound impact on long-distance communication.
What is the telegraph?
This Scottish engineer and inventor is famous for improving the efficiency of the steam engine, making it a vital component of industrial machinery.
Who is James Watt?
This country led Europe in adopting Britain's new technology and processes of industrialization. The inventions and innovations reached its shores in 1799.
What is Belgium?
This economic and political structure advocates for government intervention in order to limit socio-economic inequality. Essential industries are collectively owned by the state, while non-essential industries can be owned by entrepreneurs.
What is socialism?
The first Chartist petition, presented to Parliament in 1839, gathered millions of signatures and demanded the establishment of this principle for all male adults.
What is universal male suffrage?
The introduction of the assembly line in the early 20th century significantly reduced the production time for this iconic Ford automobile model, making it more affordable for the general public.
What is the Model T?
The Enclosure Movement contributed to the rise of this agricultural practice, where fields were systematically rotated to improve soil fertility and crop yields.
What is crop rotation?
This economic and political system, promoted by some European and Asian nations during the spread of the Industrial Revolution, sought to establish colonies to secure raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.
What is imperialism?
The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, argues that all history is the history of class struggles, and in the contemporary era, it highlighted the struggle between these two classes.
What are the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (working class)?
Emmeline Pankhurst was a prominent leader in the campaign for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. She co-founded this organization in 1903, dedicated to advocating for women's right to vote.
What is the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU)?
This French physicist and chemist is credited with the discovery of radioactivity. She coined the term "radioactivity" and conducted pioneering research alongside her husband Pierre Curie.
Who is Marie Curie?
Jethro Tull was a scientific farmer who saw that the usual way of sowing seeds by scattering them across the ground was wasteful. He solved this problem with an invention called the seed drill which was created in this year. (Be within 10 years)
What is 1701?
Due to political divisions and economic isolation, countrywide industrialization in Germany was hampered in the early 1800s. One area that did industrialize around 1835 was this coal-rich region of west central Germany.
What is the Ruhr Valley?
Adam Smith's influential work, "The Wealth of Nations," was first published in this year. The book argues for countries to adopt capitalist systems and for the importance of laissez-faire economics. (Be within 10 years)
What is 1776?
Queen Victoria who led the British Empire during a time of great cultural, industrial and scientific advancements, was the first British monarch to live in this famous royal residence, which became a symbol of the British monarchy.
What is Buckingham Palace?
During his famous voyage on the HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, where he made many observations that influenced his theory of evolution. Darwin's groundbreaking work, "On the Origin of Species," was first published in this year. (Be within 10 years)
What is 1859?
British railroad engineer George Stephenson gained a reputation by building some 20 engines for mine operators in North England. In 1829, a competition was held to choose the best steam engine for a railway line between Liverpool and Manchester. Stephenson's engine, clocking in at a blistering speed of 24 miles per hour, won the competition. This was the name of his locomotive (train).
What was the Rocket?
Known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution," Samuel Slater played a pivotal role in establishing the first successful water-powered cotton spinning mill in this U.S. state.
What is Rhode Island?
Utilitarianism, or the idea that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility or usefulness, was created by this English philosopher. He argued that government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people.
Who was Jeremy Bentham?
Theodor Herzl, a historical figure influential in the zionist movement, was born in this European city in 1860, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
What is Budapest, Hungary?
The Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889 and designed by Gustave Eiffel, stands as an iconic symbol of 19th-century progress and was built for this specific event.
What is the 1889 Exposition Universelle (World's Fair)?