Theory of Evolution
within species-members of each species of an organism will vary in their physical and behavior traits
Variation
a new species forms
speciation
is the ability to survive to adulthood, reproduce and pass on their genes-successful only if their genes are represented in the next generation
-Fitness-
-different species evolve separately but resemble each other structurally due to similar environment-analogous-structures in organisms that are similar in appearance and function but have different origins
Convergent/Paralle Evolution
the assumption that biological processes and natural selection have operated consistently over time
uniformitarianism
For survival organism will adjust or adapt their behavior to the environmental conditions with which they are confronted-They compete with members of their own species for food and mates
Heritability
when a species diverges into 2 or more separate populations that each become separate species due to environmental reasons. They can no longer breed and they slowly evolve differently.-Earthquake, flood, dam, etc.
Geographic/Allopatric isolation-
when certain characteristics are are favored by nature due to the ability of that organism to reproduce successfully
-Sexual Selection:
species with common ancestor evolution different body structures from the same original structures-homologous-body structures serve different functions in different species but have the same orgin
Divergent Evolution
dependent selection-predator tends to feed on a species if there are alot of them and turn to another species if the other one’s numbers dwindle until they jump back
frequency
For survival organisms will adjust or adapt their behavior to the environmental conditions with which they are confronted-They compete with members of their own species for food and mates
Adaptation
organism's physical characteristics and behavior are adapted to the environment it lives in so they “fit”-niche=part of the habitat that each organism fills
-Ecological Niche
species will stay stable for a long period of time but may change in a “ few generations’ due to sudden environmental change-allows evolution to be quick when a new adaption allows a population to survive and thrive-darwin’s finches evolved in about 10,000 years into 14 species
Punctuated Equilbrium
used to describe something, especially a part of an organism, that used to have a function but has now shrunk and is mostly not used anymore. ... Example: The human appendix
vestigial feature
The event that is responsible for the cause of the behavior
Proximate cause
means that the conditions of nature will tend to select for survival for those organisms that cope best with the situation in front of them-total percentage of individuals/species that actually survive is small-Those that don’t adapt and fail to reproduce will fail to pass on their genetic traits to future generations- Inherited traits and behaviors tend to become more common in each generation because those characteristics promote survivle and reproduction
-Natural Selection-
a species spread to a new habitat and its offspring evolve into a new species due to the new environment
adaptive radiation
-Evolutionary changes are typically slow
macroevolution
study of the body structures of different species of animals in order to understand the adaptive changes they have undergone in the course of evolution from common ancestors. example is s the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans.
Comparative anatomy
The purpose the behavior causes
Functional Cause