Speech
Basic sounds that are combined to form words.
What are phonemes?
Language acquisition needs to be learned before adolescence.
What is the critical period for language?
The most important way to increase vocabulary.
What is reading more?
“are given under controlled conditions so that every person taking the test has approximately the same examination experience. ”
What are standardized tests?
“Howard Gardner (1983, 1993, 1999) argues that people have a set of specific intelligences that are biologically determined.”
What is Multiple Intelligence?
Babies babbling increases as a result of this.
What is parental attention?
Individual Differences in language development may be due to this.
What is Genetics? or What is biological?
“native English speakers and English-language learners receive instruction in two languages starting in kindergarten”
What is a dual-language program?
“typical level of performance for a clearly defined reference group.”
What is a norm?
“Minorities often perform at lower levels than members of the majority population on intelligence tests. Much of this lower performance, however, can be traced to a number of factors”
What is Test Bias?
By the end of their 1st grade, children know 6,000 vocabulary words and their meanings.
What is semantic development?
Connectivity between brain structures
What is Language Processing?
The favored instructional approach for students who are deaf and hard of hearing.
What is simultaneous communication?
“observed score = true score + error”
What is reliability?
“When students with intellectual disability fail at tasks, they tend to blame themselves more than do normally intelligent students”
What is motivation or attribution?
The smallest units of language that convey meaning.
What are morphemes?
Phonemic awareness is a critical concept for reading success.
What is metalinguistic development?
This occurs in deaf infants but to a lesser extent than hearing infants.
What is babbling?
“Does this test measure what it is supposed to measure?”
What is validity?
“most psychologists agree that individual differences in intelligence are largely heritable, although what is inherited is a reaction range of intellectual outcomes rather than a specific intelligence quotient”
What is Nature vs. Nurture?
Simplifying speech when talking to young children.
What is parentese or motherese?
One of the best predictors of reading success.
What is phonemic awareness?
Learned incidentally by hearing them in context.
What are vocabulary words?
“shows the percentage of students in the norming sample who scored at or below a particular raw score”
What is a percentile rank?
“Successful instruction for students with intellectual disability includes metacognitive instruction, such as explicitly describing why the strategy is effective and when to use it. ”
What is Strategy Instruction?