Vocabulary pt.1
a natural, solid substance that has a definite chemical composition (what elements does it have?) and physical structure
Hardeness:
a measure of the ability of the mineral to resist being scrateched
Extrusive Igneous rock:
cools on the Earth's surface after it exits the crust (Exit)
Limestone:
most common sedimentary rock
Name the two types of Metamorphism and define.
1. Regional: takes place over a large area
2. Contact: smaller area when magma or touches the rocks around it; it contacts the rock
Streak:
color of powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed on an unglazed peice of tile, "streak plate"
Moh's Hardness scale:
1. softest
10. hardest
(From what I know)
Magma:
melted rock that is within the Earth
Metamorphic rock:
made from Igneous rock that has been changed by pressure, high temperature, high temperature, or hot water (or a combination of both)
Rock Cycles:
processes that change rock from one kind to another
glows under ultra-violet light
Rock:
is made of one or more minerals
Lava:
melted rock on the Earth's surface
Pressure:
rock layers press down on layers below them due to collision between plates (convergent) can squeeze + bend rocks
Physical Weathering:
caused by wind, water, plants, and ice
Crystal Shape:
always solid with atoms are arranged repeating
Igneous rock:
formed when melted rock hardens (ignite=fire)
Sedimentary rock:
forms when layers of sediment (bits of rock or sand) bits of rock carried by wind, water, or ice is going to be settled over time + bind together
High Temperature:
rock from the surface is pushed deep into the Earth, extreme temperature breaks the chemical bonds, minerals recristalyzation and forms new rock to form new minerals
Chemical weathering:
occurs when chemicals break up rocks and dissolve parts of them
Cleavage:
break of a mineral along a place or a cleave, parallel to crystal faces
Intrusive Igneous rock:
cools underground deep inside the Earth's crust (Inside)
What are the two groups of sedimentary rock and define them?
1. Clastic: broken pieces and forms when rock is broken into smaller pieces through weathering
2. Chemical: forms when chemicals in the water comes out of the water + forms solids
Hot Water:
mineral rich, heats rocks around it causing minerals to change; adds new minerals to the rock
Name the 3 layers of soil and define.
1. Topsoil: top layer, compound of minerals, living organisms, decaying plants and animal matter. (Humus)