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Enlightenment Thinkers
Enlightenment
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Enlightenment Vocabulary
100

He died after being deported and imprisoned in France, born a slave he became a Haitian general and leader of the Haitian Revolution.

Who was Toussaint Louverture

100
This philosopher did not trust people to govern themselves. Instead he thought that because people were selfish and brutish in nature, they needed an absolute monarch to control them.
What is Thomas Hobbes
100

rights possessed by all human beings,

What are natural rights

100

French citizens attacked this prison and set prisoners free - sign of breaking tyranny

What is the Bastille

100

All dogs have four legs, Fido is a dog, therefore Fido has four legs deductive or inductive reasoning

deductive

  • It moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion. 
  • Premise 1: All dogs have four legs (general statement).
  • Premise 2: Fido is a dog (specific instance).
  • Conclusion: Therefore, Fido has four legs. 
200
What were the three estates of French society and who belonged to each

1st- clergy

2nd nobility

3rd general population

200

rejected idea of popular sovereignty , natural rights became irrelevant with the formation of civil society, since only people of virtue and good judgment should be permitted to exercise political power.

Who is Burke

200
The enlightenment was shaped by this, which was a time when reformers questioned the authority of the Roman Catholic church and argued that individuals should think for themselves.
What is the protestant reformation
200

3/5 Clause

American Constitutional segment where slaves would count for 3/5 person for taxes and representation

200

individuals surrender their natural rights to the state, which is then charged with the task of maintaining and protecting those rights.

What is social contract

300

he was a French lawyer and politician who was a key figure in the French Revolution. He was a leader of the Jacobin Club and a driving force behind the Reign of Terror.

Who is Maximilien Robespierre 

300
Believed that if a government did not protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property, citizens could replace their government
What is John Locke
300

people are born in a state of freedom and that government should exist only by their consent,

popular sovereignty

300
Believed that government should be separated into three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial, to provide checks and balances.
What is Montesquieu
300

The justification for the rulers to have absolute power that says power comes from God.

Divine right

400

The French government approached this general to become the leader of the nation to create stability

Napoleon Bonaparte

400
American who included many Enlightenment ideas in the Declaration of Independence
What is Thomas Jefferson
400
The immediate roots of the Enlightenement can be found in this. It is also the time when Isaac Newton applied rational analysis to nature leading to the discovery of natural laws
What is the scientific revolution
400

American colonists called this to create a stronger constitution when the first one was failing

What is the Constitutional Convention

400

People give up some freedom and in return their government protects their individual liberties 

What is Social Contract Theory?

500

Name of the first constitution of the United States

What is the Articles of Confederation?

500

Enlightenment thinker who wanted religious tolerance and free speech.

Voltaire.

500

The American Revolution and Declaration of Independence were influenced by this intellectual movement.

What is the Enlightenment?

500
Enlightenment thinker whose concept of a social contract says that a democracy would express the general will of the people
What is Rousseau
500

The sun has risen every day so far, so it will likely rise tomorrow-is an example of deductive or inductive reasoning

What is inductive- made from observations