Chemical Reactions
A Chemical Change
What is the formation of a new substance?
These two trends increase across a period.
What are ionization energy and electronegativity?
The type of bond in O₂.
What is a double covalent bond?
A base increases this ion in solution.
What is OH⁻ (hydroxide)?
This compound gives vinegar its sour taste.
What is acetic acid?
In a redox reaction, this is the process of losing electrons.
What is oxidation?
Which has a larger atomic radius: Na or Cl?
What is Na?
This bond results from the attraction between metal cations and a sea of electrons.
What is metallic bonding?
The pH scale measures this.
What is the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution?
Baking soda is also known as this.
What is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)?
Balance this equation: Al + O₂ → Al₂O₃
What is 4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃?
This is why noble gases don’t typically form bonds.
What is they have a full valence shell?
Which element is more likely to form hydrogen bonds: H₂O or CH₄?
What is H₂O?
The conjugate base of H₂SO₄.
What is HSO₄⁻?
This gas is released when antacids react with stomach acid.
What is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
This is the driving force of a double replacement reaction that forms a solid.
What is the formation of a precipitate?
Explain why fluorine is the most electronegative element.
What is it has a small radius and a high effective nuclear charge?
This is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
What is unequal vs. equal sharing of electrons?
A buffer resists this.
What is a change in pH?
This polymer is found in plastic bottles.
What is PET (polyethylene terephthalate)?
This is the name for the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.
What is activation energy?
This is the trend of reactivity for alkali metals down a group.
What is reactivity increases?
Predict the geometry of NH₃ using VSEPR theory.
What is trigonal pyramidal?
In a titration, this is the point where moles of acid equal moles of base.
What is the equivalence point?
This process removes metal ions from hard water.
What is ion exchange (or water softening)?