25.1
What are the three auditory ossicles and name them in the order from tympanic membrane to the oval window?
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
What separates perilymph-containing cochlear cavity into scala tympani and sala vestibuli?
Cochlear duct
What are the specialized receptor cells that are bipolar neurons with nonmotile olfactory cilia?
Olfactory sensory neurons
What cells are located near the basal surface of the epithelium (hint: they form the olfactory sensory neurons)
Olfactory stem cells
What are the chemical messengers that stimulates changes in the body's metabolic activity?
Hormones
What structure is found above the cochlear duct that separates it from which chamber?
Vestibular membrane, scala vestibuli
What region of the basilar membrane is sensitive to high notes and what would be the value in hertz?
Near the base of the cochlea, value: 20,000 hertz
Where are most taste buds located in?
Papillae
Where are the general areas that taste buds can be found?
Vallate papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae
What other body system does the endocrine system coordinate with?
The Nervous System
What are the two auditory tests that uses a tuning fork and what do they evaluate?
Weber test: evaluates if the sound remained centralized or lateralizes to one side or the other
Rinne test: Compare bone conduction and air conduction
What is audiometry used for?
Audiometry: determines hearing acuity by exposing each ear to sound stimuli of differing frequencies and intensities
What are the microvilli of gustatory epithelial cells called?
Gustatory hairs
What are the precursor cells that divide to replace gustatory epithelial cells?
Basal epithelial cells
What are the cells within an organ that respond to a particular hormone?
Target cells
Which structure monitor the rotational acceleration of the head and which one monitors the head position and acceleration in straight line?
rotational (dynamic): Semicircular Canals
straight line (static): Maculae
Define vertigo
Sensation of dizziness and rotational movement when such movement is not occurring
Why is it impossible to taste something with a dry mouth?
Where is the location of the olfactory epithelium?
an inch square area on roof of nasal cavity on each side of nasal septum
What are the tropic hormones?
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
Follicle-stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Adenocorticotropic Hormone
What is the pathway through which vibrations and fluid currents are transmitted to stimulate hair cells?
Starting tympanic membrane
Tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, perilymph, cochlear duct, endolymph, basilar membrane with hair cells
Briefly explain the gravitational pull on maculae receptor in the utricle.
When increased impulse frequency, depolarization, hair bent TOWARD kinocilium
When decreased impulse frequency, hyperpolarization, hair bent AWAY from kinocilium
Yes, continuous unimportant olfactory stimuli would be distracting and irritating
How good or appetizing is food when you have cold?
It is not. When you have clogged nasal passages, you lack this added sensory input of smell to taste
What are the hormones that are produced by the posterior pituitary and what are their effects?
Oxytocin: Stimulates powerful uterine contraction during birth and stimulates milk ejection in lactating mothers
Antidiuretic Hormone: stimulates kidney to reabsorb water, thus reducing urine output and conserving body water