Radioactivity
Define Radioactivity
The spontaneous breakdown of an unstable nucleus that results in the release of one or more types of radiation
Define Oxidation in terms of electron transfer
Loss of electrons
Define an acid according to the Brønsted–Lowry theory
Proton Donor
State and explain the trend in atomic radius as you move across a period from left to right
Radius decreases as the number of shells stay the same but the atomic charge increases.
An element has atomic number 17. Name the element.
Cl
Which type of radiation has the most penetration?
Gamma
Determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following:
(a) SO₂
(b) SO₄²⁻
(a) +4
(b) +6
Why can H+ be described as a proton?
No electrons or neutrons present
Elements in Group 1 (alkali metals) show similar chemical properties. Explain briefly why elements in the same group have similar properties.
Same number of valence electrons
What is the % of Iron in Fe2O3 to the nearest %
70%
Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay. State how the atomic number and mass number change as a result.
Atomic number: decreases by 2
Mass number: decreases by 4
Consider the reaction:
Zn+Cu2+→Zn2++Cu
Identify the Reducing Agent
Zn
State the colour of litmus paper in an acidic solution
Red
What is meant by the first ionisation energy of an element?
The minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state
*BONUS* What is the chemical name of Simon's Chemistry tattoo?
Tri Nitro Toluene
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 6 hours. If the original mass of the sample is 8 g, calculate the mass remaining after 18 hours.
1g
In acidic solution, manganese(IV) oxide reacts with iron(II) ions according to the equation:
MnO2+4H++2Fe2+→Mn2++2Fe3++2H2O
Identify the species that is oxidised and the species that is reduced.
O = Fe
R = Mn
Distinguish between a strong acid and a weak acid.
A strong acid will completely dissociate in water to produce H3O+ ions. Weak acids only partially dissociate.
What is the spd configuration of Cr
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵
What is the shape of a Water molecule? Justify your choice
Angular. 2 bp & 2 lp
What radioisotope is used in smoke detectors?
Americium-241
In acidic solution, manganese(IV) oxide reacts with iron(II) ions according to the equation:
MnO2+4H++2Fe2+→Mn2++2Fe3++2H2O
Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously
Calculate the pH of a solution of hydrochloric acid with a hydrogen ion concentration of
[H+]=1.0×10−3 M
3
Explain why sodium is more reactive than magnesium, even though magnesium has a higher atomic number.
Your answer should refer to electronic configuration, ionisation energy, and position in the Periodic Table.
Sodium has one electron in its outer shell, while magnesium has two
Sodium loses its outer electron more easily
Sodium has a lower first ionisation energy than magnesium
Both are in Period 3, but sodium is further to the left, making electron loss easier
CH3
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CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—OH
What is the IUPAC Name
2-methylbutan-1-ol