Concepts and Models of health, disability, and disease
Diabetes & the Endocrine System
Obesity
Cardiovascular Conditions
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
100

Hearing aids, wheelchair ramps, brail, and subtitles all align with which model of health?

The social model of health

100

Beta cells produce what?

Insulin

100

Income and education is _______ related to obesity, whereas sedentary behaviors are ______ related to obesity.

Indirectly, directly

100

What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolism?

Thrombus = blood clot, embolism = blood clot or other particle that breaks off and flows into the blood stream

100

What is the true cause of ASD?

There is no specific known cause for autism spectrum disorder

200

Combines the medical and social model of health.

The biopsychosocial model of health

200

What does "madhumeha" translate to?

honey urine

200

What are the three main/broad comorbidities of obesity?

- Diabetes mellitus

- cardiovascular disease

- cancer

200

How is blood pressure measured?

Systolic pressure over diastolic pressure in millimeters of mercury (systolic/diastolic mm Hg)

200

A chromosomal defect, such as down syndrome, is a _________ cause of intellectual disability.

Congenital

300

What is paternalism in medicine?

The idea that the doctor knows best because they are the authoritative figure

300

Why is iodine added to salt?

To prevent iodine deficiencies that can lead to hypothyroidism

300

An area where the only food options are unhealthy foods that lack nutritional value (fast food, convenience stores, etc.) are known as what?

Food swamps

300

How can an aneurysm lead to a stroke?

If an aneurysm causes an artery to burst, blood can leak into the brain which causes a hemorrhagic stroke

300

Risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) are most associated with which neurodevelopmental disorder?

ADHD

400

An abnormality in body structure/appearance.

ICIDH definition of impairment

400

What are the three treatments that can be used to treat hyperthyroidism?

1. anti-thyroid medication

2. radioactive iodine

3. partial thyroidectomy

400

Explain the thrift gene hypothesis.

The theory that throughout history, ethnic groups which have migrated and experienced famine as a result, produced offspring that hold onto weight/have a hard time losing weight. This is because the people who survived the famine were the ones able to reproduce and likely passed those genes ("thrifty genes") onto the next generation(s).

400

What are vagal maneuvers?

Vagal maneuvers are techniques used to slow down the heart rate:

- holding your breath

- coughing

- dunking face in ice water

400

What is the difference between an intellectual disability and a specific learning disorder?

Intellectual disabilities impact overall intelligence and daily functioning, whereas specific learning disorders only impact one or a few specific areas of learning (reading, writing, or math), and do not usually effect daily living

500

Any impairment, activity limitation, or participation restriction that result from the health condition or from personal, societal, or environmental factors in the individual's life.

ICF definition of disability

500

Hypotension and circulatory collapse can result from?

Acute adrenal insufficiency

500

Seven different ways of measuring obesity/body composition?

1. BMI

2. waist circumference 

3. waist-to-hip ratio

4. skinfold thickness

5. water displacement

6. bioelectrical impedance 

7. magnetic resonance imaging/dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

500

What are the two main types of valvular conditions, and what do they cause/why are they dangerous?

- weakened/leaky/prolapsed valve, which can lead to regurgitation (back flow of blood) that can cause pools of blood to form and create blood clots

- stenosis, which obstructs blood flow from one chamber to another

500

Which of the developmental disorders might go undetected/be considered an "invisible disability?"

- ADHD (inattentive type)

- specific learning disorder 

- autism ("higher functioning"/lower support needs)