Water & Polarity
What do we call a molecule with an even distribution of electrons?
Nonpolar
Which functional group makes a molecule an alcohol?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
Which macromolecule is nonpolar?
Lipids
What is a substrate?
A reactant that binds an enzyme
How many cats does Ms. Briegel have?
2
Why do oil and water not mix?
Oil is nonpolar
Water is polar
Why are organic molecules built on carbon rather than another element?
Carbon can make 4 bonds - it has the ability to form branches, rings, and long chains
What level of protein structure is demonstrated when you have multiple polypeptide chains?
Quaternary structure
What happens to reaction rate as substrate concentration increases? (answer must be THOROUGH)
Which element makes up most of the sun's mass?
Hydrogen
Draw a water molecule, labeling the partial positive and negative regions.
See board
Why are basic hydrocarbons (without any functional groups) nonpolar molecules?
C-H are equally electronegative - they share electrons equally
What 2 components makeup a lipid?
Glycerol (backbone) and fatty acids
Think letter "E"
What is the difference between an allosteric and competitive inhibitor?
Competitive inhibitors bind the active site; allosteric inhibitors bind somewhere else on the enzyme and change the shape
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What 2 properties of water are responsible for capillary action?
Cohesion & adhesion
An amino acid has which two functional groups?
Amine (NH2) + Carboxylic acid (COOH)
What is the chemical reaction that BUILDS polymers? Which one BREAKS polymers?
BUILD - dehydration synthesis
BREAK - hydrolysis
What happens to the reaction rate as you increase substrate concentration? (Answer must be THOROUGH)
How old is the universe?
13.7 billion years
Explain why the climate in San Francisco is more temperate than the climate in Arizona.
The high specific heat of water helps moderate the temperature in coastal areas, but inland areas without large bodies of water do not have that effect.
Carboxylic acids (COOH)
Must draw:
O=C-OH
What do you call the bond between amino acids?
peptide bond
When a substrate binds the active site, the enzyme "hugs" the substrate to have a better fit
How many hearts do octopi have?
3