Terms
What term, coined in 1845 John O’Sullivan, noted that it was the American “divine right” to have territory that extends from “sea to shining sea”?
a. Immigrant Replenishment
b. Indian Relocation
c. Manifest Destiny
d. Cultural Nationalism
Manifest Destiny
What year did the Mexican-American War conclude?
a. 1848
b. 1821
c. 1776
d. 1854
1848
What did the “Mendez vs Westminster School District” court decision of 1947 do?
a. Bolstered Voting Rights
b. Changed immigration policy
c. Granted Mexicans American Citizenship
d. Desegregated school for Mexican Children
Desegregated school for Mexican Children
Which Tejana Mexicana journalist and community activist is famed for openly defying the Texas Rangers and keeping them from entering the offices of El Progreso Newspaper in 1914?
a. Jovita Idar b. Teresa Villarreal
c. Gloria Arellanes
d. Sara Estela Ramirez.
Jovita Idar
Which organization, formed in Texas in 1929, is prominent for using “American” iconography in their logo?
a. the United Farm Workers
b. League of United Latin American Citizens
c. United Mexican American Students
d. La Alianza de los Mercedes
League of United Latin American Citizens
The __________________________ originated as a bilateral agreement to address wartime demands to maintain agricultural production amidst labor shortages owing to the conscription of prime work-age adults during WWII.
Bracero Program
The end of the Bracero Program is named as a key event in the evolution of the Farm Worker Movement. When did the program end?
a. 1964 b. 1960
c. 1963 d. 1965
1964
True or False: “Hernandez vs Texas” in 1954 was the first case presented by Mexican Americans in front of the U.S. Supreme Court.
True, this was the first time that Mexican American layers presented a case at the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Newspaper, Regeneracion, was founded by ____________________________ and his brothers and served as the official organ of the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) which sought the overthrow of the Porfirio Diaz government in the early 1900s.
Ricardo Flores Magon
Persecuted Mexican Liberal Activists fled to the United States and formed which Mexican activist organization from abroad in 1904?
a. El Congreso Mexicanista
b. Partido Liberal Mexicano
c. Order of the Sons of America
d. LULAC
Partido Liberal Mexicano
The ________________________________ of 1829, named after Mexico’s first Afro-Mexican President (was also the second Mexican President), prohibited slavery in most of Mexico, eventually leading to full abolition by 1837.
"Guerrero Decree" named after Vicente Guerrero
True of False: El Primer Congreso Mexicanista, one of the first state-wide political conventions organized by Mexican Tejanos in Texas, was held in City of San Antonio in 1911.
False, it was held in Laredo, TX.
The _____________________________ was formed in 1911 as a volunteer unit during the Mexican Revolution and subsequently organized a unit on the U.S. side of the border in Laredo, TX in 1913. Leonor Villegas de Magnon and many other veterans who were a part of the constitutionalist army would later petition the Mexican Ministry of Defense for status as veterans of the Mexican Revolution.
Cruz Blanca, or Cruz Blanca Neutral
Among one of the prominent revolutionary poets of the early 1900s, _____________________________ was an Educator and Activist born in Coahuila, Mexico who moved to Laredo, TX to accept a teaching position, and later became an active member of the PLM while assisting with publishing the literary periodicals “La Corregidora” and “Aurora”.
Sara Estela Ramirez
True or False: El Teatro Campesino was founded by Luis Valez in San Francisco, CA in the early 1960s.
False, the theater group was founded in Delano, CA.
Widely seen as a period of peace that ushers in an era of modernization and industrial capitalism, the _______________________________ also created an environment where large haciendas swallowed up entire villages, where farmers were forced to become wage workers, where 80 percent of the population was illiterate, and where only one in two newborns made it past their first birthday.
Porfiriato
Which treaty ceded Mexico’s Northern Territories to the United States and granted citizenship to all Mexicans who opted to stay north of the new U.S.-Mexico Border?
a. Treaty of Paris b. Treaty of San Diego
c. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
d. Treaty of New Orleans
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
True or False: Porfirio Diaz was elected to the Mexican Presidency in 1877.
True, he served a four year term and allowed a successor. He then came back in 1884 and maintained power directly or indirectly until he was deposed by the Mexican Revolution of 1910.
True or False: Juan Cortina was born in 1824 near Brownsville, TX, where he became a cattle rancher while staying active as a leader of the Tejano vote within the Democratic Party, before ultimately initiating a rebellion in South Texas in 1959.
False, he was born in Camargo, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
San Antonio-born Labor Activist, Emma Tenayuca was elected to the Executive Committee for the ___________________________ in 1937. The first known instance in which a Mexican American woman is elected to a top position within a national organization.
Workers Alliance of America, or Workers Alliance
What program, enacted after the start of the Great Depression, led to the deportation of more than a million Mexican-origin people, including U.S. citizens in the 1930s?
a. The Mexican Repatriation Program
b. Immigration Reform and Control Act
c. H.R. 4437 d. Operation Return to Sender
The Mexican Repatriation Program
The ____________________________ united with the Teamsters Union to support a slate of five candidates all of whom won the election in Crystal City, TX in 1963.
Political Association of Spanish-speaking Organizations (PASO), or PASO
_____________________________ was a newspaper printed initially in Spanish, later adding an English edition, that was edited by Bill Esher and also featured the work of Cartoonist Andy Zermeno. The paper was an essential communications component for the UFWOC as it relayed information and offered updates on the Delano strike and National Table Grape Boycott activities.
El Malcriado
___________________________ was a contemporary of Jovita Idar and worked as a teacher, political activist, and journalist. Her memoir entitled, “La Rebelde”, which documents her experiences during the Mexican Revolution, was posthumously published in 1994, nearly forty years after her passing.
Leonor Villegas de Magnon
The National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) which was spearheaded by Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and Gilberto Padilla, among other originated in what year?
a. 1962 b. 1966
c. 1965 d. 1968
1962