CHURCH STRUCTURE
Who was at the top of the Church hierarchy, and what type of power did he hold?
The Pope; he held spiritual authority and political influence.
Where did monks live and work?
In monasteries.
Who said, “Faith alone saves”?
Martin Luther.
What kinds of scientific and medical knowledge did Hildegard of Bingen write about?
Herbal medicine, natural science, healing practices.
What is excommunication?
Being officially excluded from the Church and its sacraments.
What was one thing monks copied by hand?
Religious texts like the Bible (or classical manuscripts).
Which monastic order focused on preaching and education, and what were their contributions?
The Dominicans; they promoted learning and theology.
Why is Albertus Magnus considered an important figure in medieval science?
He studied nature and science systematically and influenced later scholars.
What roles did monks and priests have in medieval society?
They led religious services, educated people, preserved knowledge, and helped the poor.
Mention three activities that took place in monasteries
Prayer, farming, teaching, copying manuscripts
Which monastic order live in poverty and help the poor?
Franciscans
Explain one way the Catholic Church still influences modern society today.
Education, hospitals, charity work, moral teachings, global influence.
What was one problem in the Church that made people want reform?
Corruption, selling indulgences, abuse of power, or moral decline.
how the activities in the monasteries contribute to society?
they preserved knowledge and helped communities.
Which monastic order focused on working inside monasteries and praying?
Benedictines
Explain how the Church combined spiritual authority and political power in the Middle Ages.
The Church influenced kings, controlled laws, owned land, and shaped daily life
Who was at the last of the Church hierarchy?
Monks
How did monasteries help the poor, and why was this role essential in the Middle Ages?
They gave food, shelter, and medical care; there was no government welfare system.
What were two major causes of the Protestant Reformation?
Church corruption and the sale of indulgences (also political tensions, printing press, etc.).
Why was the Church such a powerful institution in medieval Europe?
The Church was such a powerful institution in medieval Europe because it influenced every aspect of life, spiritual, political, social, and intellectual.