The Enlightenment
This 'revolution', which took place in the 16th and 17th centuries, involved the change in scientific thought, as well as the role of religion in society.
Scientific Revolution
The widely despised wife of Louis XVI, known for her extravagant spending.
Marie Antoinette
This invention of James Hargreaves in 1764 that revolutionized the spinning and weaving of textiles process
The Spinning Jenny
Meaning the right of everyone to hold opinions without interference, liberals demanded this during the Revolutions of 1848
Freedom of expression/press
Karl Marx Identified this class of workers as the one who would overthrow the bourgeoise in a violent revolution.
Proletariat
Widely known as the 'Father of liberalism', this English philosopher argued that all men have the right of life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
He was a leading revolutionary radical elected to the Estates General in 1789 who aimed to establish a republic and played a significant role in fomenting the rebellions of the French Revolution.
Robespierre
This natural resource led to introduction of the steam engine, thereby fueling the Industrial Revolution.
Coal
In the German Confederation of 1815, these two monarchies were its two most powerful members
Prussia and Austria
This term, referring to peasant farmers, were not seen by Karl Marx as a significant part of his envisioned communist revolution.
Lumpenproletariat
This famous Frenchman, a strong proponent of individual liberalism, once said "I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
Voltaire
This new humane killing machine was used to execute Louis XVI
Guillotine
A proponent of free market capitalism, he wrote 'Wealth of Nations'
Adam Smith
The bicameral legislature of Prussia consisted of a herrenhaus and a ______
landtag
The name of Karl Marx's 1848 political document that formed the basis of Russia's 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
The Communist Manifesto
This Swiss author of 'The Social Contract', where he argues against the monarch's 'divine right of rule', heavily influenced the French Revolution.
Rosseau
French for "without breeches", this group of working class urban dwellers were the driving force behind the French Revolution.
Sans Culottes
One of the major causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain involved an increasing amount of this
Consumer demand
After defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks War in 1866, Bismarck created this German state.
North German Confederation
The impact of ______, which involved a decline in the working and living conditions of the proletariat, led to calls for a new "utopian society".
Urbanization/Industrialization
This author of 'Leviathan' believed in absolute monarchies because humans were selfish creatures who would do anything to better their position.
Thomas Hobbes
This Parisian club that advocated for radical reform and harsh measures to bring about the change they desired took over power in 1792, initiating the "September massacres.
Jacobins
The ____ Acts led to small scale farmers being pushed out of their farms, leading to the urbanization that kick-started the Industrial Revolution
Enclosure
These two largely German-speaking principalities were the subject of much controversy between the Germans and the Danes that justified Bismarck's invasion to Denmark
Schleswig and Holstein
This British utopian socialist, who made a fortune as a industrialist in the cotton factories of Northern England, built a utopian society where workers were paid well, had an 8 hour working days, education and healthcare benefits, and provided with good affordable housing.
Robert Owen