Restoring Order Since 1815
This European city hosted the 1814–1815 meeting where major powers gathered to redraw the map of Europe after Napoleon’s defeat.
What was Vienna?
This collaborator of Karl Marx wrote about his observations of working-class people in Manchester, England.
Who was Friedrich Engels?
This artistic and intellectual movement emphasized emotion, imagination, individuality, and the power of nature.
What was Romanticism?
This Renaissance artist painted the Mona Lisa.
Who was Da Vinci?
This movement's emphasis on reason and natural rights directly influenced the French Revolution.
What was the Enlightenment?
This Austrian foreign minister hosted the Congress and became the leading advocate of conservatism.
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
This farming innovation improved crop yields by alternating different crops in fields instead of leaving land fallow.
What is four-crop rotation?
This novel by Mary Shelley explored Romantic themes while raising questions about science, nature, and humanity.
What is Frankenstein?
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg helped spread Renaissance and Reformation ideas throughout Europe.
What was the printing press?
This event marked the beginning of the French Revolution when Parisians attacked a prison on July 14, 1789.
What was the Storming of the Bastille?
These four major powers dominated discussions at the Congress. (NOTE: Not including France)
Who were Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain?
This process saw large numbers of people move from rural areas to cities in search of work.
What was urbanization?
This composer, known for Symphony No. 5, bridged the Classical and Romantic periods of music.
Who was Beethoven?
This reformer challenged the Catholic Church with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517.
Who was Martin Luther?
This legal system introduced by Napoleon standardized laws across France and influenced many modern legal systems.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
This French diplomat successfully represented defeated France at the Congress and helped restore its status as a major European power.
Who was Talleyrand?
This invention by James Watt greatly improved the efficiency of early industrial engines and helped fuel industrialization.
What was the steam engine?
What were the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution?
This practice of selling forgiveness for sins was strongly criticized during the Reformation.
What were indulgences?
This radical phase of the French Revolution involved mass executions and political purges.
What was the Reign of Terror?
This belief guided the Congress by restoring traditional monarchies that had been removed during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
What was the "principle of legitimacy"?
This Utopian Socialist reformer established a model community at New Lanark and advocated for cooperative living.
Who was Robert Owen?
This Romantic-era concept highlights nature’s overwhelming beauty and power, often making humans feel small (SHOCK, WONDER, AWE).
What is "the sublime"?
This was the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
This major defeat in 1815 marked the end of Napoleon’s rule.
What was the Battle of Waterloo?