Cinematography
What's cinematography?
Control over how an image is recorded
Regulate how light from some object will be registered on the medium
Dimensions of tonality?
What's speed of frame?
It's the motion on screen
What's perspective?
It alters:
Size and proportions
Perceived depth
Spatial relationships
Characteristics of wide lens?
Exaggerates depth
Expands foreground
Makes background recede dramatically
Can distort edges (bulging lines)
Greater depth of field
Difference with mise-en-scene?
Mise-en-scene: everything that we put within the frame
Cinematography: the way it's filmed
What's contrast?
The comparative difference between the darkest and lightest areas of the frame.
How is speed of frame controled?
Shooting rate and projector
Three main types of focal length?
Wide-angle lens
Normal lens
Telephoto lens
Characteristics of telephoto lens?
Compresses depth
Flattens spatial relations
Reduces apparent distance between planes
Shallow depth of field
What's something in mise-en-scene that cinematographers look into?
Lightining
Difference between light, medium and high contrast?
Light: not a lot of dark and light areas, everything is medium
High: not a lot of mediums, not grays
Medium: there are light, medium and dark areas. Balanced
What's the standard speed?
24fps
What's the depth of field?
Range of distances in sharp focus
Wide-angle -> greater depth of field
Telephoto -> shallower depth of field
What does zoom do?
Change in focal length during shooting
What's exposure?
How much light passes through the lens to register on the film/digital sensor
If there are more frames than 24fps, what's the effect?
It's slower
Difference deep space and depth of field?
Depth of field = camera property
Deep space = staging across multiple planes (mise-en-scène)
Types of focus
Selective focus:
Only one plane sharp
Guides attention directly
Deep focus:
Several planes equally visible
Viewer must search frame
How does the cinematographer control tonality?
Lighting
Film stock or sensor choice
Filters
Postproduction grading
What's racking focus?
Shift focus within a shot
Foreground sharp -> background blurred (or reverse)