Blood
Blood Vessels
Heart & Blood Flow
Heartbeat & Blood Pressure
Fetal Circulation
General Knowledge
100
What is the scientific name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
100
What type of blood vessel facilitates gas exchange?
Capillaries
100
What structure prevents blood from moving back into the left ventricle?
The aortic semilunar valve
100
What causes the “lub-dub” sound heard at the chest wall?
Lub - closure of AV valves (ventricles contract)
Dub - closure of semilunar valves (ventricles relax)
100
What 3 blood vessels are present in an umbilical cord?
1 umbilical vein, 2 umbilical arteries
100
What is the name of the Fe component on RBCs?
Heme
200
What blood type has A antigens and anti‑B antibodies?
Type A
200
Which type of blood vessel has a 'pulse'?
An artery
200
What is the name of the cardiac muscle that makes up most of the heart?
The myocardium
200
What is the name of the second blood pressure reading indicating the pressure against the artery walls when the ventricles relax?
Diastolic pressure
200
What structure provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus instead of the lungs?
The placenta
200
What is the purpose of structure E?
The septum, separates the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart
300
What are formed elements?
The solids that make up 45% of blood (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
300
What is the name of the one artery that carries deoxygenated blood in humans?
Pulmonary artery
300
Which letter indicates when ventricular systole is occurring?
Which letter indicates when ventricular systole is occurring?
300
What is the part of the heart is known as the natural pacemaker?
The SA (sinoatrial) node
300
What is the purpose of the ductus venosus?
To direct oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus, bypassing the liver
300
What kind of blood vessel is pictured here?
Vein
400
What is agglutination?
Clumping, occurs when matching antibodies and antigens interact
400
What is the name of the structure that helps regulate blood flow into capillaries?
Pre-capillary sphincters
400
Where are the Purkinje fibers located and what is their function?
Purkinje fibers are located in walls of the ventricles. They function to carry the electrical signal to the muscles of the ventricles to cause them to contract.
400
How does blood pressure compare to osmotic pressure on the arterial side? What is the result?
BP > OP, water leaves blood for ISF and cells/tissues
400
What structure(s) help fetal hearts bypass lungs?
Foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
400
What is the name of the sac of lubricating fluid that the heart sits in?
The pericardium
500
What is the name of the structure that taps blood cells to clot at an injured site?
Fibrin threads
500
Name and describe this condition: 
Artherosclerosis, when plaque narrows arteries reducing blood flow
500
Describe how blood flows from the aorta to the legs and back to the aorta
Aorta → iliac arteries → iliac arterioles → iliac capillaries → iliac venules → iliac veins → inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk→ pulmonary arteries → pulmonary arterioles → pulmonary capillaries → pulmonary venules → pulmonary veins → left atrium → bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta
500
How does the medulla oblongata control heartbeat?
Medulla oblongata (in brain) sends electrical impulse to the SA node in the right atrium --> both atria contract simultaneously --> signal goes to AV node --> down the Purkinje fibers --> both ventricles simultaneously contract --> heart rests --> repeat
500
What is the most common cardiac defect in newborns?
When the foramen ovale doesn't close correctly, may lead to "blue babies"
500
What large blood vessel carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs directly to the liver?
The hepatic portal vein