Human Circulatory System
What is the main organ that pumps blood around the body?
The heart
What type of circulatory system do humans have?
Closed
What does the lymphatic system transport?
Lymph (a fluid containing white blood cells)
What two types of vessels make up the vascular system in plants?
Xylem and phloem
What is the main transport medium in the human body?
Blood
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
In an open circulatory system, where does the blood flow?
Into open body cavities and around organs
Name one function of the lymphatic system.
Helps fight infection / drains excess fluid from tissues
Which vessel transports water from roots to leaves?
Xylem
What is the fluid part of blood called?
Plasma
From what direction does blood flow into the heart?
The right
Name one animal that has an open circulatory system.
Insects (e.g. grasshopper)
What are lymph nodes?
Small structures that filter lymph and house immune cells
What process helps pull water up through the xylem?
Transpiration
What is the transport medium in vascular plants?
Water (in xylem) and phloem sap
What do veins have valves but arteries do not?
To prevent backflow of blood since the veins carry blood at lower pressure.
What is one advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open one?
Blood is delivered more quickly and efficiently to tissues
How does lymph move through lymph vessels without a pump?
Through muscle movement and valves that prevent backflow
What does the phloem carry and in which direction?
Carries sugars (from photosynthesis), both up and down the plant
Why do large multicellular organisms need a transport medium?
To move nutrients, gases, and wastes efficiently over large distances
Explain how the double circulatory system (two main vessels and a pump) benefits mammals.
It separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, allowing higher pressure and more efficient oxygen delivery.
Describe one disadvantage of an open circulatory system in large or active animals.
Slower circulation leads to less efficient oxygen delivery and waste removal
Explain how the lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body.
It returns excess fluid from tissues to the bloodstream via lymph vessels
Explain how the structure of xylem vessels supports their function.
They are hollow, have thick lignified walls, and form continuous tubes for efficient water transport.
Compare the properties of water that make it suitable as a transport medium in plants.
It is cohesive, adhesive, has high heat capacity, and dissolves many substances