MLA
This is the most recent edition of the Modern Language Association's style handbook.
What is the 9th edition?
This is the proper format for an in-text citation for a research paper with three or more authors in APA.
(Author et al., Date)
What is wrong with this Turabian author-date bibliography entry?
Jane Prider, Jennifer Watling, and José M. Facelli. 2008. “Impacts of a Native Parasitic Plant on an Introduced and a Native Host Species: Implications for the Control of an Invasive Weed.” Annals of Botany 103, no. 1 (November): 107–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn214.
Jane Prider should be written "Prider, Jane" because it is the first name in a series.
In ACS (American Chemical Society), this is the alignment of all elements of the bibliography on the page.
Left-aligned
What is the difference between quoting and paraphrasing, and what must you do in both scenarios?
Quoting: Direct quote, bounded by quotation marks
Paraphrasing: Reworded quote using information form the text
You MUST cite your source when quoting AND paraphrasing!
When citing an academic journal article in your bibliography, this immediately follows the names of the authors.
What is the title of the paper?
What is wrong with this citation?
Prider, J., Watling, J., & Facelli, J. M. (2008). Impacts of a native parasitic plant on an introduced and a native host species: Implications for the control of an invasive weed. Annals of Botany, 103(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn214
Journal name and volume number are not italicized.
What's the difference between Turabian and Chicago, and (bonus!) which one is used by CPS?
Turabian is an abridged version of Chicago meant for students. Turabian is used by CPS.
An engineering student comes in the Writing Center with a lab report for their Fluid Dynamics class. What citation style are they most likely using?
IEEE
When should a quote be turned into a block quote in APA and MLA?
APA: 40+ words
MLA: 4 lines of text or more
What is wrong with this citation?
Albert, Markus, et al. “Mechanisms of resistance and virulence in parasitic plant–host interactions.” Plant Physiology, vol. 185, no. 4, Dec. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaa064.
The article title is in sentence case when it should be in title case.
This is how one would write a reference entry when one is missing the author and date.
Title. (n.d.). Source.
What is the shortened Latin word used to shorten a citation in the immediately proceeding note?
(Hint: op. cit. is no longer in use!)
Ibid., short for Ibidem
What is wrong with this AMA (American Medical Association) citation?
13. Albert M, Axtell MJ, Timko MP. Mechanisms of Resistance and Virulence in Parasitic Plant–Host Interactions. Plant Physiology. 2020;185(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaa064
The title of the article should be in sentence case.
What's the difference between a reference list and a bibliography?
Reference list includes sources you've directly cited in the paper; bibliographies list sources you've consulted but haven't necessarily cited.
This is how one would you cite a translated book in MLA. (THERE ARE TWO CORRECT ANSWERS!)
Author. Title in Italics. Translated by Translator, Publisher, Year.
OR
Translator, translator. Title in Italics. By Author, Publisher, Year.
Three authors for separate papers are named "Villafuerte", "Villa-Bueno", and "vi Lladero". In the reference list, what is the correct ordering of the names?
Villa-Bueno, vi Lladero, Villafuerte
How would one cite this text in notes (assume this is first time you encounter this citation in-text) style and in-text author-date style for Turabian?
Book: The Secret History of Wonder Woman
Author: Jill Lepore
Page Number: 17
Publisher: Vintage Books
Date: 2015
Publisher Place: New York
Notes (first instance):
1. Jill Leopre, The Secret History of Wonder Woman (New York: Vintage Books, 2015), 17.
Author Date:
(Lepore 2015, 17).
What is the in-text citation for this IEEE bibliography entry?
[15] J. Prider, J. Watling, and J. M. Facelli, “Impacts of a native parasitic plant on an introduced and a native host species: Implications for the control of an invasive weed,” Annals of Botany, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 107–115, Nov. 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn214.
According to the research [15] we can...
What is the difference between parenthetical and narrative citations?
Parenthetical goes at the end of the sentence, narrative is embedded in the sentence.
Paren.: ... in the world (Hauser, 2025).
Narr.: According to Hauser (2025), cats are the best animals...
This is how one would cite an author's name when citing a Korean text.
Last Name First Name (no comma).
What is wrong with this citation?
de Vega, C., Arista, M., Ortiz, P. L., Herrera, C. M., & Talavera, S. (2009). The ant pollination system of Cytinus hypocistis (Cytinaceae), a Mediterranean root holoparasite. Annals of Botany, 103(7), 1065–1075. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/43576192
JSTOR is italicized when it shouldn't be.
The German author Willem de Kooning and the French author Charles de Gaulle are cited separately in an author-date bibliography. How should their names be formatted?
de Gaulle, Charles
Kooning, Willem de
Cite the following in AMA and (bonus!) Anaesthesia and Intensive Care's journal-specific style
Authors: Jake Rodenburg, Micah Demont, Sophia Marie Zwart, Lillian Bastiaans.
Title: Parasitic weed incidence and related economic losses in rice in Africa.
Page Numbers: 306-17
Date: November 2016
Journal: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, volume 235
Rodenburg J, Demont M, Zwart SJ, Bastiaans L. Parasitic weed incidence and related economic losses in rice in Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2016 Nov;235:306–17.
(Anaesthesia and Intensive Care's specific style is AMA, the answers are the same)
Cite the following in MLA, APA, or Chicago footnote.
Prompt: Explain antibiotics.
AI model: ChatGPT
Version: 4o (February 28, 2025)
Distributor: OpenAI
Date: April 13, 2025
Website: chat.openai.com
MLA: "Explain antibiotics" prompt. ChatGPT, 28 Feb. version, OpenAI, 13 April 2025, chat.openai.com
APA: OpenAI. (2025). ChatGPT (Feb 28 version) [Large language model]. chat.openai.com
Chicago footnote: Text generated by ChatGPT, April 13, 2025, OpenAI, chat.openai.com