14th Amendment
the 14th Amendment legally defined _____________
Citizenship
The act of becoming a citizen is called the ____________________ process.
Naturalization
Which is a requirement for a person to become a naturalized U.S. citizen?
A) Marrying a U.S. citizen and having a child with that person.
B) Being a legal resident of the U.S. for at least five years.
C) Gaining employment in the U.S. for at least five years.
D) Reaching age eighteen while living in the U.S. capital.
B - Being a legal resident of the U.S. for at least five years.
Which of the following demonstrates a citizenship responsibility?
A. Jury Duty
B. Selective Service
C. Pay Taxes
D. Voting
Voting - Voting is not mandatory
What right belongs to citizens only?
A) Owning/Selling property
B) Having a job/Paying Taxes
C) Due Process rights
D) Voting/Run for federal office
D) Voting/Run for federal office
Non-citizens have all of the other rights and freedoms mentioned.
The 14th Amendment guaranteed all citizens equal protection under the _________
law
Natural born citizens acquire their citizenship status through either the Law of _______ and/or law of _______. Explain what these laws are.
Law of Blood: when a person acquires citizenship through their parents or ancestors.
ex: a parent is a US citizen for at least 1 year -> children are automatically US citizens (regardless of where they are born)
Law of Soil: citizenship of a person is determined by the place where a person was born.
ex: born on US soil -> US citizen
What right do citizens have?
A) attending public schools
B) owning property
C) holding a job
D) voting
D Voting - Voting is a fundamental right of citizens. Also, public education and holding a job is NOT a right protected by the US constitution. Anyone has the right to own property in the US, even if they are not a citizen.
Which obligation helps to defend the nation?
Selective Service
Do non-citizens have the right to petition the government?
Yes, it is a right guaranteed by the bill of rights
Dred Scott was born in 1799 in Virginia but the Supreme Court deemed he was not a citizen because he was a slave.
Fred Korematsu was born in California in 1919 but the Supreme court denied him his full rights by stripping him of his property and relocating him to an internment (prison camp) because he was Japanese.
How did the 14th Amendment overturn the Dred Scott Case? How did the Korematsu case violate the 14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment granted birthright citizenship to "any persons" born or naturalized in the United States. Dred Scott was born in Virginia (law of soil).
Korematsu was denied the full rights of citizenship and he was not guaranteed "equal protection under the law." Laws discriminated against Japanese citizens and stripped them of the constitutional rights as citizens.
Also known as "birthright" citizenship, this type of citizenship applies to those you are born in the U.S. (law of soil) or whose parents are already U.S. citizens (law of blood)
Natural Born Citizen
James Bond, a British citizen, meets and falls in love with Halle Berry, an American citizen, while on a mission in Korea. They get married and have a child while living in Korea.
Can we be certain that the child be a US citizen?
NO both parents not US citizens = law of blood does not apply. Law of blood may apply with one parent but the law becomes more complicated and we do not have enough information to conclude that law of blood would apply with one parent as a citizen.
Halle Berry -> US citizen
James Bond -> UK citizen
Why is Jury Duty an obligation and not a responsibility?
Citizens support securing individual rights (due process rights) of a fair and impartial jury
What rights do non-citizens AND citizens both share
- Writ of habeas corpus (no unlawful detainment/imprisonment)
- No ex post facto laws (laws cannot punish someone if the act was committed before the law was passed)
- Rights found in the bill of rights
How did the 14th Amendment Define Citizenship?
All persons born or naturalized in the US are citizens. African Americans and former slaves gain citizenship
Name 3 Eligibility Requirements for becoming a naturalized citizen
BONUS: Name all the Eligibility requirements for +200 points
1) US resident for 5 years
2) Read, write, and speak in English
3) Process basic knowledge of U.S. history and government
4) Be of good moral character
5) Over the age of 18
6) Swear an Oath of Allegiance
The events below describe the use of a government document.
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Laura was born in France and lived in France until she immigrated to the U.S. at age 21. At age 25, Laura visited Morocco on vacation.
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Why did Laura use a U.S. passport to travel?
A) Laura was a resident alien of the U.S.
B) Laura was a resident national of the U.S.
C) Laura was a U.S. citizen by the law of soil.
D) Laura was a U.S. citizen by the law of blood.
D - In order to carry a U.S. passport, Laura must be a citizen. It does not say she was naturalized. We can conclude then that she has at least one U.S. born parent, so the condition of natural born citizenship around the “law of blood” applies.
How are the responsibilities of voting, attending civic meetings, running for office, and petitioning government different from the responsibilities of community service and volunteering
1) voting, attending civic meetings, running for office, and petitioning government =examples of civic participation
2) community service/volunteering= benefits the common good
What rights are demonstrated below:
Mr. Swan is appointed as Secretary of Education by the President of the United states and is awaiting confirmation by the US Senate. He is a member of the President's political party but the opposition political party and they ask Mr. Swan very difficult questions during his confirmation hearing. During Novembers elections, Mr. Swan did not vote for a senator from his state who cast the deciding vote for his confirmation. Mr. Swan did not get the job but he feels as though the process was a little unfair. Because he did not get the job, Mr. Swan runs as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
- Join/Member of a political party (member of the President's party)
- Voting (did not vote for the senator who ruled against his confirmation)
-Run for office (ran as a member of the House of Reps)
The passage below describes a court decision.
The Burlingame Treaty (1870) allowed the U.S. to deny citizenship to persons born in the U.S. whose parents were born outside the U.S. The U.S. Supreme Court granted writ of certiorari to a case challenging the constitutionality of the treaty.
How did the court apply the 14th Amendment to decide this case?
A) To deny a native person citizenship rights does not support constitutional principles.
B) A naturalized citizen possesses all the rights of a native citizen according to the Constitution.
C) Persons born outside the U.S. are not permitted to pursue citizenship because they are unemployed.
D) Persons born outside the U.S. are not permitted to pursue citizenship because they do not own property.
A - The 14th Amendment identifies that U.S. citizens include those who are born or in the United States. The citizenship of one’s parents is not a consideration. 14th Amendment overturns any laws which go against this.
Johan is an ____________ who moves to the United States from Sweden. He is classified as an ________ until he becomes a citizen. After being a ___________ in the US for 5 years and meeting all the requirements for the naturalization process, he is able to become a US citizen.
1. Immigrant:Someone who permanently moves to another country.
2. Alien: a non-citizen permanent resident
3. Resident: Someone who has legally lived somewhere for at least 6 months
The table below describes permanent resident status.
Year #of Persons Obtaining Permanent
Resident Status in the U.S.
2005 ....................1,122,257
2007 ....................1,052,415
2009 ....................1,130,818
2011 ....................1,062,040
Source: 2011Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Table 1)
Based on the table, what could be predicted about the impact of permanent residents on government?
A) The number of persons seeking citizenship by law of soil would decline.
B) The number of persons seeking citizenship by law of blood would increase.
C) The number of persons seeking naturalization would be affected by elections for Congress.
D) The number of persons seeking naturalization would be affected by elections for governor.
C - Congress passes laws concerning the naturalization process. Permanent resident status is one step in the naturalization process.
How does civic participation support the form form of government in the United States (Representative Democracy/Republic)?
Civic participation means being an active citizen who participates in the government. By having a voice in government, our democracy can function properly as this form of government depends of the people expressing their will/opinions. People influence the government to pass policies and even vote for our leaders in a democracy. If people did not participate in these responsibilities then their opinions on government would not matter. Without public opinion in government, a country may find themselves on the fast track to tyranny!!
What rights only belong to citizens?
(list at least SIX)
- Voting
- Run for federal office/Hold federal government jobs
- Protection from deportation
- Obtain certain government benefits
- Obtain a U.S. Passport
- Serve on a Jury