Property
Who wrote this quote? “. . . in Virginia and the Carolinas they have a vast multitude of slaves. Where this is the case in any part of the world, those who are free, are by far the most proud and jealous of their freedom. Freedom is to them not only an enjoyment, but a kind of rank and privilege. . . In such a people the haughtiness of domination combines with the spirit of freedom, fortifies it, and renders it invincible.”
Who is Edmund Burke?
Which founding document contains this quote?
“That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."
What is the Declaration of Independence?
What does this quote mean? Who wrote this?
“It has frequently been remarked that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force.”
This quote comes from James Madison (Publius) in Federalist 1. He is establishing that political society can be formed through deliberative action and design.
What is this quote's significance?
“Here once the embattled farmers stood and fire the shot heard round the world.”
This line in Ralph Waldo Emerson's poem marks the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first military engagements of the American Revolution. It was Emerson's phrasing, "shot heard round the world," that famously referred to the beginning of the American Revolution.
What are the three branches of government?
What are the two types of property according to James Madison in Essay on Property?
1) Tangible property like land, money, and possessions.
2) Everything to which a person attaches value and holds a right, leading to his famous conclusion that "a man has a property in his rights".
What are the arguments against a federal government found in Brutus 1?
Brutus 1 argues that a powerful federal government will destroy state liberties, consolidate too much power, and become too large and disconnected to represent a diverse population.
Which is the strongest branch of government, according to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America?
What is the legislative branch?
What is the name the pen name shared by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay when writing The Federalist?
What is Publius?
Madison wrote that putting all legislative, executive, and judicial power in the same hands is "the very definition" of what?
What is tyranny?
What are the three types of property that government should protect, according to John Locke in the Second Treatise on Government?
What is life, liberty, and estate?
What are the five freedoms protected by the First Amendment of the US Constitution?
What is religion, speech, assembly, press, redress for grievances?
What is individualism, according to Tocqueville, and what is its effect on democratic governments?
Individualism is a quiet, deliberate withdrawal from public life. He distinctly describes it as a "mature and calm feeling" that leads each person to pull away from society, form a small circle of family and friends, and then "willingly" leave the larger society to take care of itself.
What is the Anti-Federalist pen name, possibly used by New York judge Robert Yates, that belonged to a writer who argued that free republics must be small?
What is Brutus?
"Ambition must be made to counteract ambition" comes from which numbered Federalist essay on checks and balances?
What is Federalist 50?
What is the difference, according to Locke, between the state of nature and the state of war? Please discern these two terms in regards to the security of property?
The state of nature is a perfect state of freedom and equality where all men are endowed with the same rational faculties and capabilities. There is nothing (i.e. no law) that infringed on their free will, which is used to protect their property.
The state of war is what the state of nature can devolve into when man is left to his own devices when self preservation or preservation of property is on the line. Man is incapable of rationally using force to protect his property (ex: killing someone for taking one apple, the punishment does not match the crime), and thus, the necessity of political society emerges.
What does Article 6 of the US Constitution serve to do: "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made pursuant thereof, and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the Supreme Law of the Land, and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.”
It ensures that the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government are bound to the US Constitution. This clause establishes that the Constitution is the highest law of the nation, and that any laws that infringe on the rights or clauses established in the Constitution be overturned. No one is above the law, including the government.
What does Hamilton identify as the "great and radical vice" of the construction of the Confederation in Federalist 15?
He writes the flaw lies in "the principle of LEGISLATION for STATES or GOVERNMENTS, in their CORPORATE or COLLECTIVE CAPACITIES, and as contradistinguished from the INDIVIDUALS of which they consist."
This means that under the Articles, Congress could only make requests of the state governments. It couldn't pass laws that applied directly to citizens. Thus, the federal government was merely acting as a recommender or advisor of state governments, and that there was no governmental power above the states. The federal government would be disconnected from its citizens, and states had no one to check their power.
How does this quote connect to Locke's concept of a perfect state of equality?
“. . . all eyes are opened, or are opening, to the rights of man, the general spread of the light of science has already laid open to every view, the palpable truth, that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs, nor a favored few
booted and spurred, ready to ride them legitimately . . .” Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Roger Weightman.
The state of nature is a perfect state of freedom and equality where all men are endowed with the same rational faculties and capabilities. There is nothing (i.e. no law) that infringed on their free will, which is used to protect their property.
The state of war is what the state of nature can devolve into when man is left to his own devices when self preservation or preservation of property is on the line. Man is incapable of rationally using force to protect his property (ex: killing someone for taking one apple, the punishment does not match the crime), and thus, the necessity of political society emerges.
In Federalist 51, Madison says which branch "necessarily predominates" in a republic, so he divides it into two houses to weaken it?
What is the legislative branch?
What does Madison name as the most common source of faction in Federalist 10?
What is the various and unequal distribution of property?
Fill in the blank of this quotation from Federalist 1: “It has frequently been remarked...whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from _____ & ______, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on _____&______."
What is freedom and choice?
What is accident and force?
Brutus warned that free republics had to be small, like those of Greece and Rome. What political system did Madison propose as solution?
What is the extended (or large) republic?
In a 1785 letter to James Warren, what does Washington call a "solecism in politics," for a nation to fear giving its own elected rulers enough power?
What is the weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation?
Which is the most weak branch of government according to Madison?
What is the judicial branch