music
cultural hub for music
Vienna was a cultural hub, composers would go there to write, wealthy middle class that could spend money on concerts, had more nobles so more patrons, and hat lots of theaters
gov't Divided into 3 estates
What was the acien regime
1 - clergy
2 - nobility
3 - everyone else
chinese like aesthetic
french desk, candlestick, vase
has asian fluences, but not asian heritage
At least 3 A sections, with a contrasting B&C section
What is rondo form
Light and jovial like haydn, and like a happy ending
radical group that overtrhew the gov't
Who were the jacobins?
robespierre lead them, wanted to make france equal for everyone
A simple baseline that slowly changes to create a sense of complexity
What is the alberti bass
gathering, that’s non private
What is a “public sphere”
Public sphere is like a gathering, that’s non private (to a certain extent) and outside the gov’t and church
Ex: salon, scientific academies, freemasons
What defines a history painting?
Moral message
Shows something that happened in the past
Really big in size
Composer of high authority (not specific one) that wrote music for church and school
Antonio salieri
what is kapellmeister
Time where chop chop go brrr
What was the reign of terror?
Led by robespierre the jacobins make 12 committee of public safety and make a new constitution that beheads 20k-40k people, but economy improved they didn’t get invaded, and eliminated enemies
composer who worked in italy and spain
Who was luigi boccherini
combined styles and genres - transculturation, and wrote in galante style
Philosopher and mathematician Questioned and was skeptical of everything
who was rene descartes
took these ideas and applied it to human life and thought- all this skepticism of human life led to enlightenment
How does the rococo style differ from the BAR style?
Was less lavish, not as dramatic and grand, more moderate
Smaller rooms, lighter colors (BAR red to pink)
alters the melody by changing
pitch/mode/harmony/ornamentation
what is theme and variation form?
helped show virtuosos and composers off
person who believed that people were born with absolute freedom
who was john locke?
Believed that everybody was born with absolute freedom, but in order to have stability and not chaos, protection from freedom is given to “life liberty and property”
What did each family of instruments do in the orchestra?
Strings played melody, woodwinds added richness and counterpoint, french horn played background harmony and trunpmet and percussion gave magnificence and volume
What helped sparked the scientific revolution
In ren - increase in trade and exploration
Interest in science to fuel war (catholics vs protestants)
New inventions (leonardo)
Art fueling scientific discovery (brunelleschi dome)
What were themes of 18th century english painting
Darker, sader, more satirical tone
Lots of details (objects or clearer forms)
Semi-disguised symbolism
Lots of criticism on aristocracy and materialism
Allowed music to spread to everyone and monetized it
What was the DCM
venues for music and changed and music was more aobut monetization
a creeed by the king made to make the third estate (relatively) equal to the others?
What were the August Decrees?
Eliminates feudalism
Accepts new constitution that make the 1st and 2nd pay taxes, and the gov’t controls the church
How did mozart’s operas tie into the DCM?
Since music was more accessible to everyone, common people could go to operas and so mozart could make fun of nobility with the majority commoners audience on his side
ex: marriage of figaro and don giovanni
What was the radical phase of the revolution?
Emigres leave, war puts stress, government gets rid of monarchy and turns to republic
- sans culottes support jacboins who overthrow gov’t and start reign of terror
Why did Neoclassical paintings refer back to the ancient Roman and Greek world?
They thought that those societies had high civic justice and morals and were loyal
Because those values still apply in the present time after long time, stood the test of time and are universal values that everybody should follow
Also supported rational thought - the enlightenment
How does the concerto tie in the DCM
Music was more accessible and people were practicing at home, and wanted to see virtuoso players play
How did Napoleon prove his statesmanship and dictatorship?
1- church - gave religion to the people, gains control of the church
2 - napoleonic code - laws for everybody, but he controlst them
3- bureaucracy, create sjobs based on merit, but also controls them since loyalty