Civil Liberties 1
speech that directly incites damaging conduct
fighting words
the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Bill of Rights
jury that determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial
grand jury
act that prohibited employment discrimination based on sexual orientation
1964 Civil Rights Act
amendment that abolished slavery
13th amendment
a written statement made in “reckless disregard of the truth” that is considered damaging to a victim
libel
areas of personal freedoms constitutionally protected from government interference
civil liberties
5th amendment right providing that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime
double jeopardy
act that suspended the entry of Chinese laborers
Chinese Exclusion Act
amendment that guaranteed equal protection and due process
14th amendment
speech accompanied by conducts such as sit-ins, picketing and demonstrations; protection of this from of speech under the 1st amendment is conditional
speech plus
a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause of detention
habeas corpus
the ability of courts to exclude evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment
exclusionary rule
act that guarantees disabled people access to public spaces and prohibits discrimination in employment, housing and health care
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
case that established the “separate but equal rule”
Plessy v. Ferguson
test used to determine whether speech is protected or unprotected, based on its capacity to present a “clear and present danger” to society
“clear and present danger” test
the right to be left alone which has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to entail individual access to birth control and abortions
the right to privacy
the right of every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments
due process of law
policy that allowed gay men and lesbians to serve in the military as long as they did not publicly reveal their sexual orientation or engaged in homosexual activity
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy
the starting point of the modern women’s rights movement in 1848 (hint: convention)
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
an effort by a governmental agency to block the publication of material libelous or harmful in some other way
prior restraint
process by which different protections in the Bill of Rights were incorporated into the 14th Amendment
selective incorporation
the case that created the Miranda rule or requirement that persons under arrest must be informed prior to police interrogation of their rights to remain silent and to have the benefit of legal counsel
Miranda v. Arizona
laws enacted by Southern states following Reconstruction that discriminated against African Americans
Jim Crow laws
test used by the Supreme Court in racial discrimination cases and other cases involving civil liberties and civil rights that places the burden of proof on the government
strict scrutiny