Groups in the Civil Rights Era
What is the KKK?
A group of white supremists that oppose Civil Rights.
What is the difference between de jure de facto segregation?
De Jure: Segregation by law
De Facto: Segregation that exists off practice and customs
What were sit-ins?
A form of peaceful protest where protesters sat in a space until asked to leave
This seamstress and NAACP officer, refused to move from the front of the bus, which resulted in a bus boycott
Rosa Parks
What did the Plessy v Ferguson case rule?
Separate but equal did not violate the 14th amendment
This group of students volunteer to integrate in a white high school
The Little Rock Nine
What act outlawed segregation in public facilities, but was later ruled unconstitutional
The Civil Rights Act of 1875
Who were freedom riders?
Protestors that hoped to provoke a violent reaction in hopes of getting Kennedy administration to enforce the law
Who was Malcolm X?
A spokesperson for the Nation of Islam and a leader in the civil rights movement
How did MLK die?
He was assassinated
Martin Luther King founded this civil rights group in 1957
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
What year was the Brown vs Board of Education?
1954
What was the event where over 250,000 people marched to the Lincoln Memorial?
March on Washington
Who led the NAACP legal team?
Thurgood Marshall
What was the Kerner Commission?
A study to see the causes of urban violence
What does the SNCC stand for
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Explain separate but equal
Separate but equal meant that the races would stay separate but instead of laws like the Jim Crow laws, both races would be equal
Which President initially refused to enforce the ruling of Brown 2?
President Eisenhower
Who were the four people MLK based his teachings on?
Jesus, Henry David Thoreau, A. Philip Randolph, and Mohandas Gandhi
What did MLK call his brand of non-violence resistance?
"Soul Force"
Who were The Black Panthers?
A political party made to fight police brutality
What was The Civil Rights Act of 1957?
Gave the attorney general power to desegregate schools, and also gave the federal government power over violations of African American voting rights
Explain affirmative action
Making special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have suffered discrimination
What is the difference between how MLK and The Black Panthers wanted to fight discrimination?
MLK wanted to fight discrimination while remaining nonviolent, The Black Panthers did not and instead wanted to fight back
How did WW2 impact the Civil Rights movement?
1. New jobs for African Americans open
2. Discrimination in the army ended
3. Black soldiers came back from a war fighting for other people's freedom, and wanted to fight for their own