13th & 15th Amend.
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are collectively known by this name.
What are the Reconstruction Amendments?
This clause of the 14th Amendment guarantees that anyone born in the United States is a citizen.
What is the Citizenship Clause?
This U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in federal court.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
Under federalism, power is divided between these two levels of government
What are the federal and the state governments?
This Chief Justice led the Supreme Court during a period marked by major expansions of civil rights and civil liberties.
What is Earl Warren?
This amendment, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This clause prevents states from depriving individuals of life, liberty, or property without proper legal procedures.
What is the Due Process Clause?
This U.S. Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
This amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or to the people.
What is the 10th Amendment?
This 1966 case required police to inform suspects of their constitutional rights before custodial interrogation.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
Ratified in 1870, this amendment protects citizens from being denied the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What is the 15th Amendment?
This clause requires states to treat similarly situated individuals alike under the law.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
This U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was constitutional as long as facilities were “separate but equal.”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This situation is created when two levels of government are claiming authority over the same behavior. (eg. Medicinal marijuana)
In this 1961 case, the Warren Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states, expanding Fourth Amendment protections through the 14th Amendment.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
Southern states attempted to circumvent this amendment through devices such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and this “hereditary” voting exemption.
What is the 15th Amendment?
The case by case application of the Bill of Rights to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is Selective Incorporation?
These U.S. Supreme Court cases decided that the Privileges or Immunities Clause protects only a very limited set of federal rights and that it is up to the States to protect civil rights under their constitution.
What are the Slaughter-House Cases?
When a state law and a federal law directly conflict, this Constitutional clause provides a rule for deciding which law controls.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
Critics labeled the Warren Court as engaging in this practice, arguing that the justices were creating new constitutional rights rather than strictly interpreting the text of the Constitution.
What is judicial activism?
Under Section 2 of this amendment, Congress was granted specific power to ensure its enforcement.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This 14th Amendment clause, originally intended to protect formerly enslaved individuals, later became the constitutional foundation for substantive due process and the protection of certain unenumerated rights.
What is the Due Process Clause?
In these Civil Rights Cases the Court held that the 14th Amendment ( Equal Protection Clause) applied only to state actions, not private businesses or individuals.
What are The Civil Rights Cases (1883)?
This principle means the federal government cannot require state officials to use state resources to carry out federal policy
What is Anti-Commandeering?
This NAACP attorney argued Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court and later became the first African American Justice, serving on the Court during the era of Chief Justice Earl Warren.
Who is Thurgood Marshall?