Vocabulary and Key Terms
What were the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South?
Jim Crow laws
Give one example of direct action used during the Civil Rights Movement.
Sit-ins, boycotts, marches
Who is known for leading the movement with nonviolence?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
What event involved Africans Americans refusing to ride city buses?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
What Supreme Court case ended segregation for schools?
Brown v. Board of Education
What is the term for peaceful protest against unfair laws?
Civil disobedience
Why were sit-ins used by protesters?
To challenge segregation and demand change
Whose arrest led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks
What was the goal of the Freedom Rides?
To challenge segregation in interstate travel
What negative effects did segregation in schools have?
It denied equal opportunities to Black students
What type of protest involves refusing to buy or use a service?
Boycott
Why was the Montgomery Bus Boycott effective?
It caused financial loss to the bus system
What group organized sit-ins and student protests?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
What happened with the Little Rock Nine?
They integrated a white high school and faced resistance
What law made segregation illegal in public places, schools, and workplaces?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
What protest method involved sitting at segregated lunch counters?
Sit-ins
Why did Freedom Riders continue despite violence?
To show violence would not stop nonviolent protest.
What organization helped lead the Freedom Rides?
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Which march was organized to support the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
March on Washington
What law protected African American voting rights and outlawed discriminatory voting practices (literacy tests and poll taxes)?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
What did Martin Luther King Jr. say direct action leads to in his Letter from Birmingham Jail?
"Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and establish such a __________ that a community that has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored."
(Constructive) tension
According to MLK, creating "tension" through direct action opens the door to what?
"Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to _________ is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored."
Negotiation
How did groups like CORE and SNCC help expand the Civil Rights Movement?
They organized protests and involved more people, especially students, to spread the movement.
What trend occurred after the Voting Rights Act?
Increase in African American voter registration
How did Freedom Summer help lead to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It exposed violence and barriers to voting, increasing pressure on the federal government to pass voting rights protections.