Civil Rights Leaders
This civil rights leader helped start the Montgomery Bus Boycott after refusing to give up her bus seat.
Who is Rosa Parks?
This 1954 Supreme Court decision declared that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This 1955–1956 protest in Alabama involved African Americans refusing to ride city buses.
What is the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
This 1964 law banned discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or national origin.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This organization, founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, focused on using lawsuits to fight segregation.
What is the NAACP?
This leader supported black nationalism and was originally part of the Nation of Islam before shifting toward a more moderate approach.
Who is Malcolm X?
This earlier Supreme Court decision created the doctrine of “separate but equal.”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
These protests involved students sitting at segregated lunch counters and refusing to leave.
What are sit-ins?
This 1965 law outlawed literacy tests and protected African American voting rights.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
This student-led organization promoted nonviolent protests such as sit-ins.
What is SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)?
This activist helped organize Freedom Summer and fought to expand African American voting rights in Mississippi.
Who is Fannie Lou Hamer?
This Supreme Court case required police to inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
These activists rode interstate buses through the South to challenge segregation laws.
What were the Freedom Rides?
This amendment abolished poll taxes in federal elections.
What is the 24th Amendment?
This group, founded in 1966, promoted Black Power and community protection from police brutality.
What are the Black Panthers?
This civil rights activist in Florida helped increase African American voter registration and led the Florida NAACP.
Who is Harry T. Moore?
This case ruled that states must provide free legal counsel to defendants who cannot afford an attorney.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
In 1957, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to Arkansas to protect these students integrating a high school.
Who were the Little Rock Nine?
This policy promoted increased hiring and opportunities for minorities and women.
What is affirmative action?
This movement promoted pride in African American heritage and called for greater control of Black communities.
What is the Black Power Movement?
This NAACP lawyer argued the Brown v. Board of Education case and later became the first African American Supreme Court Justice.
Who is Thurgood Marshall?
This case applied the exclusionary rule to the states and prevented illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This 1963 event in Washington, D.C., supported President Kennedy’s Civil Rights bill and featured the “I Have a Dream” speech.
What is the March on Washington?
This 1965 law ended the national quota system and allowed more immigrants from non-European countries to enter the United States.
What is the Immigration Act of 1965?
This organization founded by James Farmer organized the Freedom Rides.
What is CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)?