Day 1
enforced segregation and created obstacles that stopped many African Americans from voting
What are Jim Crow Laws?
an African American and NAACP member, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to follow a law that required her to give up her bus seat to a white passenger
Who was Rosa Parks?
advocated for the use of civil disobedience—a nonviolent method of protesting unfair laws or policies founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference gave his I Have a Dream speech at the march on Washington
Who was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.?
His death shocked the nation and triggered riots in multiple U.S. cities • His assassination caused a divide within the Civil Rights movement
Granted former slaves constitutional rights
What were the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?
7, Arkansas Governor defied the Supreme Court’s ruling to integrate schools when he ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine African American students from entering Little Rock’s Central High School
Who was Orval Faubus?
challenged the lack of enforcement of the laws by traveling on buses throughout the South and faced violence and arrests, but their efforts brought national attention to the issue and pressured the federal government to enforce desegregation laws for interstate travel
Who were the Freedom Riders?
founded in 1966 by Huey P. Newton, was created to address racism and police brutality faced by Black communities advocated for armed self-defense and militant actions to achieve its goals
Who were the Black Panthers?
ruled that segregation in public places, such as schools, hospitals, and restaurants, was constitutional as long as facilities were “separate but equal”
What was Plessy V. Ferguson?
President Dwight D. Eisenhower used his presidential authority to protect the students by sending federal troops to Little Rock to ensure desegregation was enforced
What was Little Rock Crisis?
expanding protections and strengthening enforcement that didn't exist previously • The Act also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EEOC. The EEOC created laws to - • increase diversity in the workplace
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
governor of Alabama, stood in the doorway of the University of Alabama to prevent African American from enrolling as students
Who was George Wallace?
Thurgood Marshall, a NAACP lawyer, brought this landmark Supreme Court case which the court declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional; this set the stage for achieving racial equality in other areas
What was Brown v. Board of Education?
local African Americans to challenge Montgomery’s segregated public transportation system and led to the organization of a boycott of the city’s buses
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
eliminated literacy tests and other discriminatory practices led to an increase in voting participation by African Americans
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball
Who was Jackie Robinson?
The court ruled that the separate law school created by the University of Texas for African American students was not equal to the white students’ law schoo
What was Sweatt v. Painter?
banned poll taxes in federal elections
What is the Twenty-Fourth Amendment?
was the first African American woman to serve in the U.S. Congress
Who was Shirley Chisholm?