Key Figures
I refused to give up my seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, sparking a 381-day boycott. Who am I?
Rosa Parks
This 1954 Supreme Court decision ruled that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional. What is it?
Brown v. Board of Education
This organization, founded in 1909, used legal challenges to fight segregation and discrimination. What is it?
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
This law banned discrimination in public accommodations and employment. What is it?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This form of protest involves refusing to participate in something as a form of resistance. What is it?
Boycott
I was the NAACP lawyer who argued Brown v. Board of Education and later became the first Black Supreme Court Justice. Who am I?
Thurgood Marshall
In 1960, college students began sitting at lunch counters to protest segregation. What movement did this spark?
The Sit-In Movement
Founded in 1957 and led by MLK, this organization focused on nonviolent direct action and mass mobilization. What is it?
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
This law removed barriers to Black voter registration and authorized federal oversight of elections. What is it?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Name two types of nonviolent resistance used by civil rights activists.
(Any two of the following) Sit-ins, marches, peaceful protest, civil disobedience, legal action, boycotts
I founded the Nation of Islam and advocated for Black self-defense and separation before my assassination in 1965. Who am I?
Malcolm X
In 1961, activists rode integrated buses through the South to challenge segregation. What were these called?
This student-led organization, founded in 1960, organized sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and voter registration drives. What is it?
SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)
This law banned discrimination in housing and addressed residential segregation. What is it?
Fair Housing Act of 1968
What was the main difference between MLK's strategy and the Black Panther Party's strategy?
MLK used nonviolent resistance; Black Panthers advocated armed self-defense
I was the SNCC chairman who popularized the "Black Power" slogan and shifted the movement toward more militant tactics. Who am I?
Stokely Carmichael
In 1963, a KKK bombing killed four young Black girls in a church in Birmingham. What was this act of violence called, and what was the church's name?
Nation of Islam
Which of the three major civil rights laws (1964, 1965, 1968) is considered the strongest federal civil rights law to date?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Black Power movement represented a shift from which goal to which goal in the Civil Rights Movement?
From integration to Black independence/self-determination
I co-founded the Black Panther Party in 1966 and advocated for armed self-defense and community programs. Who am I?
Huey P. Newton OR Bobby Seale
n 1965, activists were attacked by police while marching from Selma to Montgomery on what became known as "Bloody Sunday." What specific event preceded this march?
Voting Rights Act passage / Civil rights legislation / Voter registration campaigns (Accept any logical answer; the question is intentionally open-ended to test understanding)
Founded in 1966, this organization advocated for armed self-defense, community control, and Black nationalism. What is it?
Explain what compromise was involved in the Voting Rights Act of 1965. What did activists gain, and what limitations remained?
(Accept well-reasoned answers) Activists gained voting protections and federal oversight, but literacy tests and poll taxes took time to fully eliminate; Southern resistance continued.
Analyze this statement: "The shift from nonviolent resistance to Black Power weakened the movement." Do you agree or disagree? Support your answer with evidence.
(Accept well-reasoned arguments with evidence for either position)