Terms part 1
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
declared that all slaves should be set free in places under Confederate control
does not impact border states or areas under Union control (to keep everyone happy/with the Union)
What was the Anaconda Plan?
1. surround the Confederacy by sea and by land blockades
2. take control of the Mississippi River to cut Confederate forces in two,
3. ambush and surround the Confederacy and their capital (Richmond VA)
What Battle became the bloodiest day in US History and gave Lincoln the chance to announce the Emancipation Proclamation?
Battle of Antietam
Who was Jefferson Davis?
President of the Confederacy
Technological/weapons advancements
The weapons became much deadlier, more accurate, and longer distance (Ex: Minnie Bullet)
Naval advancements (Ex: Ironclad)
What is total war? Include examples from the Civil War in your answer.
a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued. Sherman's March is an example, as they targetted civilian resources in addition to military
Name three Union advantages and two disadvantages
More people
More factories (used to make weapons)
More railroad tracks
More telegraph wires
Disadvantages: poor military leadership, less knowledge of the land
What was the Battle where Grant captured a key city on the Mississippi River?
Battle of Vicksburg
Who was John Wilkes Booth?
Killed Abraham Lincoln
Hated Lincoln (had already tried and failed to abduct him)
Was shot and killed a couple days after the assassination
Photography
Picture resulted in protests against the war (exposed horrors of war)
What is Martial Law and how was it used during the Civil War?
emergency rule by military authorities and some of a citizen’s rights are suspended
Lincoln used this in Kentucky to maintain control of the pro-slavery state
Where did the General Lee surrender? Why did he surrender at that time?
Appomattox Court House, Confederacy had been severely effected by the Union bloackde, was low on resources and lacked sufficient troops to continue fighting
What was the biggest Battle of the Civil War, took place inside the Union and was a turning point in the war?
Battle of Gettysburg
Who was Matthew Brady?
Civil War photographer
The first photographer to give photo documentation of a war
Showed the horrors of war to everyone for the first time
Equality
Emancipation Proclamation (all slaves in the Confederacy would be free)
War would become about Slavery now
Women picked up a lot of jobs that were primarily held by men up until this point
Rich people could pay people to take their spot for service, both poor americans and immigrants couldn't do that
Explain the causes and effects of the NYC Draft Riots.
Draft was implemented and required the registration of all male citizens between the ages of 20 and 35, allowing for a $300 payment to avoid the draft. Riots took place because mainly poor Irish immigrants were drafted, leaving out African Americans and rich white citizens. Riots resulted in significant damage, especially to homes/neighborhoods that were predominantly Black and almost 1,000 deaths.
Describe the election of 1864. Include candidates and events that had effects on election results.
Lincoln was afraid he would lose the election so he took up Andrew Johnson (Democrat from Tennessee) as his VP
Opposing him was General George McClellan
Lincoln easily defeats McClellan after Sherman's capture of Atlanta
What was an important naval battle involving Ironclads?
Battle of Hampton Road
General of the Union forces towards the end of the war, following success in the West
General Ullyses S. Grant
Expansion of federal power over states
during the war, the national government was forced to take powers that few Americans would have granted it (suspension of Habeas Corpus, Martial Law, Emancipation proclamation)
Greater expansion of federal power over states
Describe Andersonville prison.
A Confederate prison used to house Union POWs. It was notorious for horrible conditions, including the lack of food/water and the spread of disease.
What were some domestic policies that Lincoln implemented during the Civil War?
Homestead Act: would provide acres of cheap land to anyone who agreed to farm the land
Help develop West and economic growth
Morill Land Grant: provide acres of Western land for colleges to study/teach agriculture
What was the first battle of the Civil War featuring "Stonewall" Jackson called?
Battle of Bull Run
Who did Lincoln believe stood in the way of important legal decisions (such as the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus and the Emancipation Proclamation)?
Roger Taney (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court)
Economic effects
Northern Economy was booming
The South, on the other hand, was devastated financially. Cities and plantations were destroyed. The economy collapsed (Blockade, Foreign powers not helping, Cities, towns and plantations destroyed)