America Chooses Sides
Cotton Diplomacy
Great Britain would support Confederacy because it needed South’s cotton to supply booming textile industry
Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson = held firmly in place at which battle
1st Battle of Bull Run
Union strategy in the west
Take over the Mississippi River
break the North’s will to fight
General Burnside
North --
Burnside liked a swift and decisive attack
What did Stephen Douglass state about the war?
“There can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots - or traitors.”
What did McClellan do?
McClellan overestimated size of Confederates and hesitated to attack -- Lincoln was impatient
Grant's strategy
strategy = starve city into surrender
Triggered Battle
Lee didn’t know Union troops were close by
Cavalry chief Jeb Stuart disobeyed Lee’s orders and went on a raiding party
Lee’s troops ran into Union General George G. Meade’s cavalry
General McClellan
North - too cautious
Start of Civil War
Fort Sumter
Lee attacked and started a series of battles - Union retreated from Richmond
7 Days’ Battles
What is the draft and what did critics say about it?
Draft or forced military service
Critics of the draft called the Civil War a “rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”
What happened on Day 2?
Lee ordered attack on the left side of Union line
Lee knew he could win if they captured Little Round Top from Union forces
Union forced Confederates to pull back from Round Top
Confederated then attacked Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill
Lee surrendered
Appomattox Courthouse = where Lee surrendered to Grant = END OF CIVIL WAR
Name at least 4 advantages of the South
Strong military tradition
Farms = provided food for armies
strategic = defend itself until north grew tired
Wilderness covered a lot of the South
Rivers = natural defense
Fought on home soil
Describe Ironclads
Confederates captured Merrimack (Union ship) and made it into an ironclad called Virginia
Union built own ironclad called Monitor
Monitor ship and Virginia ship fought --- Virginia withdrew
Emancipation Proclamation
Order to free the Confederate slaves
It was a military order freeing slaves controlled by the Confederacy
Proclamation didn’t stop slavery in border states
What happened on Day 3?
Charging the Union went to 3 divisions of Confederate soldiers
General George Pickett = commanded largest unit
Confederates ended up retreating
President of the South
Jefferson Davis = President
Name 4 advantages of the North
22 million people who could be soldiers - South only 5.5 million
Network of roads, canals, railroads
War stimulated economic growth
Increase of coal, iron, wheat, wool
Had money - banking system, currency (greenbacks)
Describe Battle of Antietam
Two armies met along Antietam Creek in Maryland - September 17, 1862
End of 1st day
Union = 12,000 casualties
Confederates = 13,000 casualties
Bloodiest single-day of Civil War and in US history
Gave union slight advantage = important victory
North was very opinionated about abolishing slavery - Democratic, Abolitionist, Lincoln, Others
North was very opinionated about abolishing slavery
Democratic party - opposed emancipation
Feared slaves would come to north and take jobs at lower wage
Abolitionist - war was pointless if slaves didn’t win freedom
Lincoln
Worried about losing support Confiscation Acts = unpopular with border states (attempts to free slaves)
Others = Agreed with Lincoln that use of slave labor was helping Confederacy make war
What did the Gettysburg Address reference?
Praised bravery of Union soldiers and renewed commitment to winning Civil War
Referenced liberty, equality, and democracy --- war was fought for those reasons
Clara Barton
“angel of the battlefield” = assisted doctors
Work formed basis for American Red Cross