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How did the Union win the Battle of Gettysburg?
Thousands of Confederates marched through open space toward the well-protected Union troops. More than 5,000 Confederates were killed or wounded.
How did Lincoln's views on slavery differ from Douglas’s?
Lincoln believed slavery was wrong. Douglas believed states should decide whether or not to have slavery.
What was the Northern States view on slavery?
Wanted to abolish slavery.
What was the Underground Railroad?
An organized, secret system set up to help enslaved people escape from the South to freedom in the North or Canada.
How did the Union win the Battle of Vicksburg?
Union forces began a blockade of the city of Vicksburg and bombarded the people with cannon fire by land and water for 48 days. Southerners surrendered Vicksburg when they were nearly starving to death.
How did women help the war effort?
Woman ran businesses and farms, became teachers, worked in offices, worked as spies, soldiers, and nurses. They made clothes for the soldiers and sent them any food they could.
Why did African Americans fight in the Civil War?
Many felt loyal to the Union and wanted to fight for it cause. Some wanted to prove their abilities on the battlefield.
What challenges did soldiers face during the war?
Dealt with the threat of death or injury. They participated in dangerous marches, had a lack of water, poor food, little protection from weather, and shortages in supplies.
What was the strategy of the South?
Believed that they could fight harder than the Union and the Union would give up. They believed the union had nothing to gain. They had permission to build warships in Britain's shipyards.
What was the Southern States view on tariffs?
Wanted lower tariffs—preferred to buy cheaper goods made in Britain.
Why was it difficult to find compromise over slavery?
Different states had different views and some states were split and couldn't agree. States in the North were helping slaves in the South.
What was the Northern States way of life?
Urban—more and more people worked in factories and lived in large towns and cities.
What was Abraham Lincoln’s main reason for fighting the Civil War?
To preserve the state of the Union.
What advantages did the North have?
More resources, including railroads, canals, roads, and money.
What advantages did the South have?
Rural way of life prepared them for war: familiarity with weapons.
Name two ways enslaved African Americans resisted slavery.
They refused to obey owners, worked more slowly, pretended to be sick so they couldn’t work, started breaking tools, and also learned to read and write.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
Law passed in 1820 dividing the Louisiana Territory into areas prohibiting slavery and areas allowing slavery.
Why did the North fight the Civil War?
Northerners fought to keep the Union together. They also fought to end slavery in the U.S.
What was the Northern States view on tarrifs?
Wanted higher tariffs, or taxes on imported goods. This would encourage Americans to buy manufactured goods from the North.
Why did the South fight the Civil War?
Preserve states’ rights, keep slavery, and defend their way of life.
What was the Southern States view on slavery?
Wanted to keep slavery because it was profitable to the economy of the South. One-third of Southern farmers owned slaves.
What was most important to Lincoln after he was elected president: abolishing slavery, or preserving the nation?
Preserving the nation—he feared the United States might split up if the North and South became enemies over slavery. His feelings about abolishing slavery were very strong though.
What was the Southern States way of life?
Rural—most lived and worked on farms and in small towns.
Why did the Southern States secede?
To preserve the rights of the states and to keep slavery a legal practice.
What was the Compromise of 1850?
Law passed by Congress under which California was admitted to the Union as a free state and the Fugitive Slave Law was passed.