Pre-Unit Causes
The big issue dividing the nation
What is: Slavery
The "Cotton Kingdom", is a nickname for this region of the United States
What is: The South/South West
The nickname for the outbreak of violence in Kansas, as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
What is: Bleeding Kansas
The state in which Dred Scott was born into slavery
What is: Missouri
What caused political parties - namely the democratic party and whig party - to fracture/break down in the lead-up to the election of 1860?
What is: disagreements over Slavery
The purchase that doubles the size of the United States, purchased by Thomas Jefferson. How that territory will be drawn up - free or slave states - is a big concern.
What is: The Louisiana Purchase
The compromise in 1820 that established a geographical legal boundary for slavery, and brought in Maine as a free-state to maintain power balance. (technically mentioned before our unit, but talked about again this unit)
What is: The Missouri Compromise
What is: The Caning of Charles Sumner on the Senate floor
The reactions to the Dred Scott decision, in the North, and South.
What is: Outrage in the North, Joy in the South
Name of the new political party that emerges during the lead up to the Civil War, in response to frustrations with the division/lack of unity in other parties
What is: The Republican Party
This time period/event saw the North become increasingly industrial, due to railroads, canals, and increased machination to encourage factory labor; while the South became increasingly reliant on slave-based agricultural work, thanks to inventions like the Cotton Gin
What is: The Market Revolution
Brought California in as a free-state, abolished slavery in DC, established popular sovereignty to determine free/slave statehood of New Mexico and Utah territories, and implemented a controversial fugitive slave act
What is: The Compromise of 1850
The name given to the actions John Brown took in response to the Sack of Laurence by pro-slavery forces, wherein he killed 5 pro-slavery men responsible for the sacking of the town in the night.
What is: The Pottawatomie Massacre
Precedent set by earlier court decisions in which slaves sued for their freedom, that has to do with the idea that living in a free territory, frees an individual from slavery.
What is: Once free, Always free.
The candidate the Republican Party nominate for the presidential election of 1860
Who is: Abraham Lincoln
Time period of religious revival, stressed ideas like "Moral Duty", "Salvation for all", and more, which helped promote ideas such as women's rights and abolition.
What is: The Second Great Awakening
Decision for popular sovereignty to determine free/slave statehood for two territories, that ends up leading to outbreaks of violence in said territory
What is: The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The biggest reason why John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry failed
What is: no plan to inform the slaves
The three parts of the Dred Scott decision
1) No person of African descent can be a US citizen
2) 5th amendment protects slave-owners right to property
3) No state/federal body can constitutionally limit/outlaw slavery, therefore all prior attempts to do so are invalid
The action that immediately follows Abraham Lincoln being named president
What is: Secession of Southern States
The situation that showed a willingness on behalf on Southern states to secede from the Union over major disagreements.
What is: The Nullification Crisis
Law that attempted to get passed (and failed) several times before the Compromise of 1850, that stated slavery would be BANNED in all territories gained in Mexican-American War.
What is: the Wilmot Proviso
The general who led the Marines to capture John Brown at Harper's Ferry
Who is: Robert E. Lee
The purpose of the black-codes (AFTER the Civil War)
What is: To essentially keep black-Americans in the south as a distinct and lower social class (preventing voting, arrested the unemployed, literacy tests, and more)
The debates in which Republican Abraham Lincoln debates against Democratic Senator, Stephen Douglass, with Douglass supporting popular sovereignty to determine free/slave statehood, and Lincoln opposing ANY expansion of slavery
What is: The Illinois Senate Race 1858