Long Term Causes
Immediate Causes
Immediate Causes Cont.
Battles/Effects/Technology
Reconstruction/Leaders
100
What was the Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise)?
Created by Henry Clay, it divided the nation into slave and free states. Short term effects include Missouri entering the union as a slave state and Maine entering as a free state. It set a precedent for letting in new states by drawing a line (36-30 line) dividing the nation and ultimately led to the Civil War.
100
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
An unsuccessful proposal to prohibit slavery in territories acquired from Mexico. It reopened debates about slavery in the territories.
100
What happened during the Dred Scott v. Sanford case?
Dred Scott who was a slave sued for freedom and argued that since he lived in a free state, he was a free man. The final court rulings stated that blacks were not citizens and cannot sue in court, slaves can be taken and held in any territory, and Congress now had power to ban slavery from territories.
100
What happened at the Battle of Gettysburg?
Battle in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania that lasted 3 days between the Confederate and Union armies. It was Confederate general Lee’s second (and last) attempt to invade the North Union, but the Union army won. It was the most pivotal battle of the Civil War and led to Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.
100
Who was Abraham Lincoln and why was he significant?
President Lincoln was known as a crucial leader during the Civil War. During the war, Lincoln was able to hold the country together while abolishing slavery, giving the Gettysburg Address, and proposing the Emancipation Proclamation.
200
How did the 10th Amendment give the state's rights?
States Rights are rights owned by the states rather than the federal government. It gave states the right to pass and enforce laws and operate independently without much interference by the federal government.
200
What was the Kansas-Nebraksa Act?
Allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery within their boundaries. It ended the Missouri Compromise and enforced the idea of popular sovereignty.
200
What was John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?
John Brown, a former slave and abolitionist attempted to initiate a slave revolt in the Southern States by raiding Harper's Ferry. The slave uprising did not occur, but the event convinced white southerners that they could not live safely in the Union causing further tensions.
200
What is the Battle of Petersburg?
The longest siege in American Warfare and a series of battles fought around Petersburg, VA. General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union cut off all of Petersburg's supply lines, leading General Lee of the Confederacy to surrender. Trench warfare was used, it was the end of the Civil War and a victory for the Union.
200
Who was General Robert E. Lee and why was he important to the war?
Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate army, he resigned from the Federal army when Virginia seceded. He led his army through the battles of Gettysburg, Petersburg, Vicksburg, Antietam, and many others. In the end, he surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant.
300
What was sectionalism?
Sectionalism is the loyalty to a region rather than the country as a whole. An example of sectionalism is the contrast between North, South, and West over slavery during the Civil War.
300
What was the new Republican Party?
Consisted of Northern Protestants, factory workers, professionals, businessmen, etc. Emerged to combat the expansion of slavery into American territories after the Kansas-Nebraska act.
300
Why was the Election of 1860 so significant?
The Democratic party was torn apart by the Southerners who believed that slavery was good and the Westerners that supported the idea of popular sovereignty. Abraham Lincoln was elected President, but this election led to SC secession which directly caused the Civil War.
300
What were women's roles in the war?
Women did a lot of things to contribute to the war effort. They sewed uniforms, provided blankets, mended shoes, washed clothes, and cooked for the soldiers. Lots of women worked as nurses during the war, treating sick and wounded soldiers.
300
Describe presidential plans for reconstruction.
After the war, President Lincoln proposed a program of reconstruction in which the confederate states were given the chance to establish new state governments. The terms of the new state governments stated that 10% of the male population had to take a loyalty oath. The state also had to recognize the permanent freedom of people that were formerly enslaved in the state.
400
What was the Compromise of 1850?
Laws passed that were meant to resolve dispute over free and slave territories. It gave federal support and included the Fugitive Slave act, and California became a free state. It also enforced popular sovereignty and the South got stronger fugitive slave laws.
400
What occurred during Bleeding Kansas?
A series of violent events in Kansas between pro slavery and anti slavery groups. It shaped American politics and increased tensions between the North and South.
400
What was the South Carolina secession?
After Lincoln won the 1860 Election, many white Southerners realized that they had no hope in fighting the Union. South Carolina began the process of secession (disconnecting from the country), and the two groups began to go to war because the South feared that they would have no voice in the government's decisions.
400
What was life on the home front like?
Living on the homefront during the war was rough for most people, and they dealt with inflation, supply shortages, and diseases. It also took a very long time for news to travel, so they did not hear from their loved ones often. Armies fought in areas that people lived, destroying their land and homes.
400
What is the Congressional Plan?
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into 5 military districts and outlined how governments based on voting were organized. Southern states had to ratify the 14th amendment, which granted “equal protection” to former slaves under the law. Also, the 15th amendment was passed which expanded voting rights.
500
What was the Underground Railroad?
The Underground Railroad was a network of both whites and blacks who worked together to help runaway slaves and fugitives from slave states escape to places where slavery was legal.
500
What was Uncle Tom's Cabin and who was it written by?
A novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that tells the story of an enslaved person. The book exposes the issues of slavery and the treatment of humans as property. The book had a major influence on how the American public viewed slavery.
500
What occurred at Fort Sumter?
Fort Sumter was the beginning of the American Civil War. The Confederate army attacked the Union army at Fort Sumter after they refused to leave the fort. The Union was eventually forced to surrender and leave the fort.
500
How did railroads impact the Civil War?
Railroads created during the American Industrial Revolution connected the nation. They helped transport weapons, animals, equipment, and tools. Overall, the improved Confederacy and Union’s war efforts and grew the economy.
500
Describe the Compromise of 1877.
An unwritten deal that settled the disputes during the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the Reconstruction era. Southern Democrats did not keep their promises to protect the rights of African Americans, and the compromise gave Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency.
