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Causes of Civil War
Course of Civil War
Results of Civil War
Reconstruction Plans
Reconstruction Era
100
What is sectionalism?
Loyalty to your section/region of the country rather than the country as a whole. Ex: north - abolitionism v. south - slavery
100
What was the immediate outbreak of the Civil War?
the Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter
100
What was "Reconstruction?"
Rebuilding the South after the Civil War
100
What political party controlled the South during the start of Reconstruction? What political party controlled the North?
South - Democrats North - Republicans
100
What were the Black Codes?
laws that stripped African Americans in the South of their freedoms and essentially put them into a condition similar to before the war
200
What caused the Southern states to finally secede from the Union?
The Presidential election of 1860 - Republican Lincoln wins
200
Who was Robert E. Lee and why was he significant?
He was the head general of the Confederate Army (because he was from Virginia, not because he supported slavery), and was seen as the best military leader of the time.
200
What ended slavery in all of the United States?
The Thirteenth Amendment.
200
What group favored rights for newly freed slaves, and why? Explain.
The Radical Republicans favored rights for African Americans like citizenship and voting because they would vote for the Republicans and help Republicans gain political power in the South.
200
What was the goal of the KKK?
The Ku Klux Klan sought to help Southern Democrats keep control of the South by preventing former slaves and others from voting Republican using violence/terror
300
What did the Missouri Compromise call for? Why? Explain.
Missouri slave state, Maine free state, no slavery north of 36-30 line (Missouri's southern border) kept balance of power between slave and free states in the Senate
300
What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Why was it issued? Why was it significant?
Issued by Lincoln, it declared all slaves in revolutionary territory (not border states still part of Union) to be free issued because of all the high casualties being suffered in the war Civil War went from being war over preserving the Union to a war of liberation/ending slavery. Afterwards, African Americans could enlist in the Union army.
300
What did the Civil War determine in regards to states' rights v. federal power?
The Federal Government is supreme. States cannot nullify federal laws or secede from the Nation.
300
What were the three Radical Republican goals during Reconstruction?
1. Prevent Confederates from returning to power 2. Make Republican Party powerful in the South 3. Guarantee African Americans' rights to vote in the South
300
Who were carpetbaggers? Who were scalawags?
Carpetbaggers - northerners who moved South after Civil War to help with Reconstruction (seen by many in the South as exploiting them when they were weak) Scalawags - Southerners who supported Republican Reconstruction (seen as traitors by other Southerners for working with Northerners)
400
What was decided in the Dred Scott decision? Explain. What was the significance of this ruling? How did the ruling contribute to the Civil War?
slaves were property & could therefore be taken into "free" territory by their masters and still be slaves + the Missouri Compromise was invalid (federal government couldn't ban slavery in the North) It increased sectionalism and was
400
Name three advantages that the Union had during the Civil War. Name one advantage that the Confederacy had during the Civil War.
North advantages: -economy industrialized -massive immigration/population -railroads -Navy, ships, etc... South advantages: -Army/military leaders (Robert E. Lee) -defending their homeland (just need to not give up)
400
What was the Freedman's Bureau? Why was it set up?
An organization set up to help transition the newly freed slaves into life outside of slavery by helping provide clothing, education, food, jobs, etc..
400
What was the final reconstruction plan that was used. Describe its provisions. How did it come to an end?
The Military Reconstruction Act - it divided the South into 5 military districts placed under a Union general to be occupied until ratified 14th Amendment and allowed right to vote regardless of race. It ended with Compromise of 1877 that resulted in Hayes (new Republican president) withdrawing the remaining troops from the South.
400
What was ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson. Why? Explain the impact of the Court decision.
Jim Crow segregation laws were upheld as constitutional. The races could be segregated in public places. The Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine that allowed for segregation until 1954 Brown v. Bd. of Ed. overturned it.
500
What was the Kansas Nebraska Act? What did it overturn? What was the results of the Act in Kansas?
called for popular sovereignty (let people in territory vote on slave v. free) overturned Missouri Compromise Led to "bleeding Kansas" - mini-Civil War between pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates.
500
What was the North's plan to win the Civil War called? What were the components of the plan. Was it successful? Explain.
The Anaconda Plan - blockade + divide the Confederacy by taking control of the Mississippi River (cause South to run out of resources) Yes. North wins the Civil War.
500
What did the 3 Reconstruction Amendments call for? How did Southern States circumvent these Amendments (give at least 2 examples)?
13th Amendment: abolished slavery 14th Amendment: citizenship (equal protection/due process of law) regardless of race 15th Amendment:voting regardless of race Ex: sharecropping, Jim Crow laws, literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause, KKK uses violence
500
Compare and contrast Lincoln's, Johnson's, and the Radical Republican's plan for Reconstruction. Explain the rationale behind each plan.
-Lincoln - lenient (amnesty/pardon South), bring South back in and unite country as quickly as possible, move past war, only 10% loyalty oath, do no punish South -Johnson - lenient & return property (except against rich planter elite he blamed for war), southern democrat/racist -Radical Republicans - majority take loyalty oath, no former Confederates in office, punish South for causing war, military occupation until ratify 14th amendment **ALL FAVORED ENDING SLAVERY
500
What was sharecropping. Why did sharecropping come about? What was debt peonage? Explain the results of the sharecropping system.
Sharecropping was what many former slaves resorted to since many did not have savings, money, education, or land of their own. They used white land to grow their crops, but had to give over a share (up to 2/3) of the crops grown to the white landowner to cover for the use of the land. This kept former slaves in debt to white landowners. They were charged high interest rates to borrow tools/seed. Many African Americans were kept from being able to pursue better educational/economic opportunities.