More About War
Antebellum
"Before (ante) the war (bellum)," in America used for the time period before the Civil War
Gettysburg Address
two-minute speech delivered by President Lincoln dedicating a cemetery at Gettysburg
What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott Decision?
They ruled in that if a slave owner moved to free territory and lived there, his slaves would be free
Which states seceded from the Union?
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee (Middle and West)
Why did South Carolina believe it had the right to secede? Why did Lincoln believe it did not?
South Carolina feared its right to slavery was no longer safe and that Republican judges would not return fugitive slaves. They knew that if future states could not be slave states, then one day the free states would have the right to abolish slavery in all states. Lincoln believed it did not have the right to because he thought that the government had the right of control over a state, and he wanted the Union to stay as it was.
Appomattox Court House
Village where Lee and Grant met to sign the surrender of the Confederate army, the end of the Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation
Declaration by Abraham Lincoln that slaves in Confederate-controlled territory would be freed on January 1, 1863, excluded slaves in the border states
What were the economies of the North and South?
South:
* agricultural *small towns & cities *Upper class- planters who owned large plantations operated by many slaves, they led the region politically, socially, and economically *Less slaves owned/family *Believed slavery was vital to a stable society *Wealthy and successful
North:
*Industrialized *virtually all African Americans who lived there were free *Many large cities and towns *90% of 5,000,000 immigrants moved to North *80% nation's factories *merchants, factory workers, owners of small farm plantations *Most people farmers *Railroads carried food from farm to city *Much more railroad to track than South *Wealthy and influential
Which slave states remained in the Union and were called border states?
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
What were the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation?
The Emancipation Proclamation was an important step toward eliminating slavery. It transformed the conflict from a war to save the nation into a war of liberation. It hurt the South's war efforts. Thousands of slaves left their masters. The documents release ended all Southern hopes of recognition from Britain, or any military assistance from that nation, since most of the slavery. It paved the way for public acceptance of the formal end of slavery with the 13th Amendment. After it was issued, black regiments began to form.
Gettysburg
Union victory near a small town in Pennsylvania
What were North and South advantages in the Civil War?
North:
*Industrial output- they already had things they needed *Population- many people
South:
*The South's advantage was their plan: (1 establish and defend an independent nation. It didn't need to defeat the Union armies decisively. It only had to defend its own territory and outlast the North's will to fight. Since the South was so large, Union armies would have to protect long supply lines in order to attack and occupy it. (2 in a defensive war Southerners would fight intensely to protect their own homes and way of life. (3 because the South was mostly the source of Great Britain's cotton, Confederate leaders thought they would obtain foreign help. (4 the South coastline was long. The North would need thousands of ships to block commerce and keep military supplies away from the South. (5 most of the Confederacy's commanding officers were well trained and battle experienced. Many of them were West Point graduates. During the war, the Southern armies would be commanded by a number of outstanding generals.
What were the accomplishments of the Freedman's Bureau?
It educated blacks by providing buildings for schools, paid teachers, and helped establish colleges to train African American teachers, issued surplus army food and clothing to former slaves and poor whites, tried to find freedmen jobs without employers taking advantage of them, established schools and hospitals for all blacks, dealt with abuses of black codes
What were the effects of the Civil War on the nation?
Lincoln's assassination, more than 620,000 deaths, loss of limbs for one in every thirteen survivors, personal property and industrial capacity was destroyed especially in the South, noncombatants lost homes, farms, and businesses, roads and farmlands were ruined, many were upset by the ruin from the North's total war policy, others saw Southerners as traitors who started in unnecessary war, distrust and hatred lingered between the north and the South for decades, and people struggled to understand God's role or will in the conflict, many lost faith in God
First Battle of Bull Run
Also called the First Battle of Manassas, first major battle of the Civil War, Confederate victory
What were difficulties of raising an army in the North and South?
North:
*The number of men who hired substitutes was high *Many soldiers deserted. *Draft law caused controversy *Trouble raising enough soldiers at first
South:
*Many men declined *Men had many ways of avoiding a service *Because of the law that stated for every twenty slaves was a white person that had the right to not fight in war, poor Southerners were the ones to fight because the rich looked after slaves *struggled finding recruits
The Merrimack (the Virginia) and the Monitor
The Merrimack (Virginia) was a Union ship and the Monitor was a Confederate ship, the March 1862 clashed ended in a tie, marked the beginning of modern naval warfare
What was the North's strategy to win the war?
The Northern strategy was to invade the South. General Winfield Scott, commander of the Union army at the beginning of the war, devised a plan. First, he proposed a blockade of Southern ports to make it difficult for the South to obtain necessary supplies. Second, he called for control of the Mississippi River. This would split the Confederacy and hammer its ability to move men and supplies from the west to east and its trade with the world through New Orleans.