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CATEGORY 1
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CATEGORY 5
100
Both life course theories and latent trait theories are based on the study of a. criminal careers b. criminal prenatal offenders c. criminal legal definitions d. the criminally insane
a. criminal careers
100
According to developmental theory, personality and intelligence are______________ factors that can explain the onset and continuation of criminality. a. socialization b. congnitive c. personal d. social
a. personal
100
__________ refers to parents who are supportive and effectively control their children in a non-coercive way. a. High spousal attention b. Parent pathology c. Low frequency parenting d. Parental efficacy
d. Parental efficacy
100
Conflict theory expresses the connection between a. social class, crime, and social control b. social control and crime c. social class and crime d. none of the above
a. social class, crime, and social control
100
The 2 major categories of trait theory are a. biological and psychological b. biolocial and sociological c. anthropological and psychological d. psychological and sociological
a. biological and psychological
200
Latent trait theorists believe that human development is controlled by a "master trait" that a. is developed based on one's social ecology b. can be cured with a prenatal medical procedure c. is present at birth or soon after d. develops later in life
c. is present at birth or soon after
200
Social process theories share one basic concept. Which is it? a. People of the lower social classes are more prone to commit crime. b. All people regardless of their race, class, or gender, are basically good. c. All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, have the potential to become delinquents or criminals. d. Criminal behavior is genetic, regardless of race or gender.
c. All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, have the potential to become delinquents or criminals.
200
Which of the following groups has "little more than a 50-50 chance" of graduating high school? a. Jewish Americans b. Asian Americans c. White Americans d. American Indians
d. American Indians
200
According to the conflict view, crime is defined by a. those who enforce the law b. those in power c. the social audience d. all of the above
b. those in power
200
Sociobiologists view all of the following as factors contributing to criminality, except a. crime b. biology c. environment d. learning
a. crime
300
Life-course theorists view criminality as a. influenced completely by genetic make-up b. limited only to the earliest years of life c. a product of nutritional influences d. a dynamic process influenced by numerous factors
d. a dynamic process influenced by numerous factors
300
One reason that social process theories have endured is that the relationship between __________ and crime is still uncertain. a. social class b. gender c. race d. all of the above
a. social class
300
According to conflict theorist, societal conflict promotes crime by a. encouraging greater use of goverment resources by the poor. b. decreasing the value of corporate profits. c. decreasing the role of religion in shaping individual reality. d. creating a social atmosphere in which the law is a mechanism for control.
d. creating a social atmosphere in which the law is a mechanism for control.
300
Conflict theory tries to explain crime within ____ contexts. a. social conflict and economic rivalry b. personality disorder and differential opportunity c. biological predisposition and social conflict d. differential opportunity and economic rivalry
a. social conflict and economic rivalry
300
Biological explanations of crime reemerged in the early: a. 1950 b. 1970 c. 1980 d. 1990
b. 1970
400
Developmental theory is the view that criminality is a dynamic process, influenced by a. Marxism and feminism b. social experiences and individual characteristics c. criminal experiences d. gender and peacemaking
b. social experiences and individual characteristics
400
All of the following family factors are associated with delinquency EXCEPT a. poor supervision. b. supportive, non-coercive parenting. c. drug abusing parents d. inconsistent discipline.
b. supportive, non-coercive parenting
400
Which of the following is NOT a basic concern of critical criminologists? a. The role the goverment plays in creating a crimogenic enviroment. b. The increased effect of mass media on the creation of zones of poverty. c. The relationship between personal or group power and the shaping of criminal law. d. The prevalence of bias in justice system operations.
b. The increased effect of mass media on the creation of zones of poverty
400
_____ reflects the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits. a. Rational Choice b. Social structure theory c. Trait theory d. Labeling theory
c. Trait theory
400
Biocriminologists maintain that something as simple as ____ can provide for brain functioning and growth. a. regular psycho therapy b. stiffer penalties explained to repeat offenders c. greater repair of disorganized neighborhoods d. a healthy diet
d. a healthy diet
500
_______ refers to the spontaneous stopping of crime commission. a. Deflection b. Drift c. Desist d. Desire
c. Desist
500
The process of human development and enculturation is known as a. parental efficacy b. socialization c. social control d. all of the above e. none of the above
What is b. socialization
500
Conflict theory came into criminological prominence during the a. 1940s. b. 1960s. c. 1980s. d. 2000s.
b. 1960s.
500
_____ refers to the idea that all human beings are born with equal ability to learn and achieve. a. Sociobiology b. Equipotentiality c. Rational Choice d. Scientology
b. Equipotentiality
500
Social strata are created by the unequal distribution of a. wealth and power b. subcultures and cultural icons c. family values and IQ d. traits and feminism
a. wealth and power