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Definitions
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100
The factors that enhance one’s sentence; these include whether serious bodily injury or death occurred to a victim during the commission of a crime or whether the offense involved more than one victim
What are aggravating circumstances?
100
The Habitual Offender Statute
What is an example of a mandatory sentence law?
100
The reason the Walnut Street Jail was innovative
What is the most serious offenders were housed separately in 16 large solitary confinement cells?
100
Boot Camps
What are highly regimented, military-like, short-term correctional programs where offenders are provided strict regimens training and hard labor resembling some aspect of military training?
100
Diversion
What is the official halting or suspension of legal proceedings against criminal defendants after a recorded justice system entry, and possible referral to a treatment program?
200
The process whereby an offender who has been incarcerated is able to live in the community under some supervision and gradually adjust to life outside of prison or jail
What is community reintegration?
200
Absconders
What is people who flee their jurisdictions while on probation, parole, work release, study release, or furloughs without permission?
200
The reason parole boards are relevant under the sentencing scheme?
What is indeterminate sentencing?
200
The standard used in a criminal court to establish guilt or innocence of criminal defendants
What is beyond a reaasonable doubt?
200
This explanation of criminal behavior emphasizes the genetic transmission of traits that figure prominently in deviant behavior
What is the biological theory?
300
Actions designed to prevent crime before it occurs by threatening severe criminal penalties or sanctions
What is incapacitation?
300
Any of several different types of programs designed to supervise probationers and parolees that includes but is not limited to home confinement, electronic monitoring, day reporting centers, and intensive supervised probation
What is community corrections?
300
In order to search parolees’ premises, POs need this
What is any reason to suspect that the parolee has illegal contraband on his/her premise?
300
The condition of normlessness
What is anomie?
300
Chronic offender
What is a repeat offender who continually reoffends and whose repeat offenses and new convictions may be for either felonies or misdemeanors?
400
This type of sentence is also known as presumptive sentencing
What is guidelines-based sentencing?
400
This report aids courts in determining the appropriate sentence for offenders, aids probation officers in their subsequent offender client supervisory effort and serves as a source of information for criminal justice research
What is the PSI report?
400
These criminal acts do not directly involve a victim
What are crimes against property?
400
Alternative Dispute Resolution
What is the procedure whereby a criminal case is refined as a civil one and the case is decided by an impartial arbitrator?
400
The integrated network of law enforcement, prosecution, courts, and corrections designed to process criminal offenders from detection to trial and punishments
What is the criminal justice system?
500
Program evaluation
What is the process of assessing any corrections intervention or program such as counseling, intervention strategies, and staff quality for the purpose of determining its effectiveness in achieving goals?
500
Violations of law by persons held accountable under the law
What are crimes?
500
This forecast of inmate behavior is based on professionals’ expert training and working directly with offenders
What is clinical prediction?
500
The attempt to categorize offenders according to the type of offense, dangerousness, public risk, special needs, and other relevant criteria
What is classification?
500
Criminals who engage in continuous criminal activity during their lives; recidivists who continually commit and are convicted of new crimes
What are habitual offenders?