1
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that it is unconstitutional to impose the death penalty for a crime where the victim's life was not taken?
Kennedy v. Louisiana (2008)
What school of criminology is closely tied to discretionary sentencing?
The positive school of criminology.
A specified sentence is set by law but may be increased or decreased depending on the presence of aggravating or mitigating circumstances.
Presumptive sentences.
Old approach vs New approach to prisoners' rights
O: Prisoners had only a few rights because they are incarcerated.
N: Prisoners have the same rights as people in the free world, except those rights that can be denied them for justified reasons.
Which Supreme Court case halted the use of the death penalty by declaring it unconstitutional due to the seemingly arbitrary nature of its use?
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
A juvenile who has committed a crime (performed a delinquent act) is not "sentenced" by a court; rather, they are __?
Dispositioned.
Guidelines that provide structure for judges by specifying the sentencing range that should be imposed for offenses. Also in order to reduce sentencing disparity.
Sentencing guidelines.
Shock vs Intensive probation
S: An offender serves time in prison, released, and placed on probation.
I: The probationer is supervised more closely than in regular probation.
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that the death penalty could be a constitutionally permissible punishment for murder under specific circumstances?
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Prison wardens can be held liable for bad conditions in prison provided prisoners can show that the warden has demonstrated?
Deliberate indifference.
Indeterminate vs Determinate sentencing
I: A sentence that gives wide discretion to the sentencing authority.
D: A sentence that specifies the period of incarceration based on guidelines
What are intermediate sanctions?
Sanctions which are less severe and less costly than prisons but more restrictive than traditional probation.
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that a sentence disproportionate to the offense is unconstitutional (cruel and unusual punishment)?
Weems v. United States (1910)
Which sentencing option combines adult and juvenile punishments for juveniles who have committed crimes?
Blended sentencing.
Concurrent vs Consecutive sentencing
CC: A sentence served at the same time as another.
CS: A sentence that is served after another.
What is forfeiture?
Taking away the property of an offender without compensation.