Pretrial
A document that formally starts a criminal case, usually submitted by the police or a victim.
Complaint
The defendant's first courtroom appearance is where they hear the charges and enter a plea.
Arraignment
This process allows both sides to request evidence from one another before trial.
Discovery
Attorneys often submit these formal requests to the judge, asking for a ruling or clarification on legal issues.
Motions
In some states, felony charges come from a grand jury’s approval; in others, prosecutors issue this document instead.
A document, typically filed by the police or a victim, that officially begins a criminal investigation.
Booking
The pool of potential jurors that is selected before voir dire begins.
Venire
When the higher court overturns the lower court
This final announcement by the jury determines whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.
Verdict
Representing two different levels of seriousness, these categories distinguish crimes punishable by over one year in prison from those punishable by less.
Felonies and Misdemeanors
This legal notice orders someone to appear in court
Summons
Voir dire
Brady v. Maryland requires prosecutors to hand over this type of innocence-supporting evidence.
Exculpatory Evidence
After the defense presents its case, the prosecution may introduce this type of evidence to counter their claims.
Rebuttal Evidence
This plea allows a defendant to accept a conviction while still maintaining their innocence.
Alford plea
A person who has neglected to appear in court may be arrested by law enforcement under this kind of warrant.
Capias
The isolation of jurors during a high-profile case, determined by the judge.
Sequestration
When the jury decides a defendant is not guilty, although they believe the individual committed a crime, they dont agree with the standing law,
Jury nullification
Motion seeking dismissal of charges
noelle prosequi motion
A judge may choose this option when defendants are considered too dangerous to be released before trial.
Preventive detention
This formal written accusation, approved by a prosecutor, starts certain felony cases in some jurisdictions.
Bill of indictment
This two-part trial structure separates the guilt phase from the sentencing phase.
Bifurcated Procedure
A defendant can challenge unlawful detention using this centuries-old writ.
Habeas Corpus
The defense might ask for this when they argue the prosecution failed to present enough evidence for a conviction.
Motion for a directed verdict of acquittal
Instead of paying money, a defendant may be released before trial simply by promising to appear
Release on recognizance