Back to the Basics
Governs searches and seizures, including vehicle searches.
What is the 4th Amendment?
This case established the automobile exception
What is Carroll v. United States?
Offices may search a car if the driver gives what?
What is consent?
The smell of illegal drugs from a car can give officers what?
Probable Cause
Where should the driver keep their hands during a traffic stop?
Where they are visible to the officer
level of suspicion generally required to stop a vehicle
What is reasonable suspicion?
This case states, once the driver has been arrested, officers can search the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
What is New York v. Belton?
Consent must be ______ and not forced
Voluntary
True or False: Probable cause allows searching containers inside the car
True
True or False: The officer can ask the passengers to keep their hands visible
True
The exception that allows officers to search a vehicle without a warrant due to its quick mobility.
What is the automobile exception?
The case states police can order the passengers out of the vehicle during a traffic stop.
What is Maryland v. Wilson?
The Court has held that a police officer does not need to inform the defendant that they are free to leave for a consent to search to be valid
Does the officer have to let the suspect know they are free to leave?
Seeing drugs in plain view gives officers the right to search under what rule?
What is the plain view doctrine?
If the officer sees the weapon in the car, they can secure it
What is securing for safety?
The brief detention of a person when the police officer has reasonable suspicion, in light of their experience, that criminal activity is about to take place.
What is a stop?
This case states that the warrantless use of a GPS tracking device on a motor vehicle is unconstitutional.
United States v. Jones
True or False: The passenger can consent to the search of the vehicle
False
there are two requirements for warrantless vehicle searches
What is probable cause? and is the vehicle mobile?
The officer may ask someone to turn off the vehicle and step out
What is officer safety?
The length of the traffic stop cannot be longer than unreasonable
How long can a traffic stop last?
If the police have probable cause to believe that it contains contraband, they can conduct a warrantless search.
What is United States v. Ross?
Officers don't need consent if they have what?
Probable Cause
Designed to help prevent a certain illegal activity. Like drunk driving.
What are roadblocks?
if the officer thinks the suspect has a weapon
When can an officer perform a pat down?