Vocabulary #1
The physical location where a crime occurred or where evidence related to a crime is found.
Crime Scene
Taking a person into custody, in a case and in the manner authorized by law, to answer for a crime.
Arrest
Protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure.
4th amendment
Established that school officials only need "reasonable suspicion" (not probable cause) to search students on school grounds.
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
A cop is patrolling a bad neighborhood and sees someone looking through windows and pacing back and forth. The building is clearly locked. RS or PC?
RS
A specialist responsible for processing a scene: documenting, collecting, and preserving physical evidence.
Crime-Scene Investigator
A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent person to believe a specific person has committed a crime.
Probable Cause
Right to a fair and speedy trial in the U.S.
6th amendment
Determined that interrogation cannot involve sophisticated trickery or manipulation
Arizona v. Fulminante
During a domestic call, a suspect grabs a baseball bat and swings it at the officer's head. Which use of force is an acceptable reaction by the cop?
4. Less lethal (taser, spray)
The process of legally gathering evidence of a crime that has been or is being committed.
Criminal Investigation
Allows officers to seize evidence without a warrant if it is in plain view and they are legally in a position to see it.
Plain-View Doctrine
Grants citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil and provides rights of U.S. citizens to have due process
14th amendment
Physical abuse cannot be used to obtain a confession or elicit information from a suspect
Brown v. Mississippi
A student in school comes up to a teacher and notifies them they saw Brendan with a vape and that he stuck it in his bag. Though the teacher's did not see this happen, can they search Brendan?
Yes, they have reasonable suspicion. The bar for searching is lower in school.
The initial inquiry by the first officer at the scene to establish if a crime occurred and identify witnesses/suspects.
Preliminary Investigation
A legal doctrine that excludes evidence from trial if it was gained through an illegal search or interrogation.
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree
This term in the 5th amendment explains how someone cannot be tried twice for the same crime. (2 words)
Double Jeopardy
1990 case. Ruled that once a suspect requests counsel, interrogation must cease and cannot resume without an attorney present.
Minnick v. Mississippi
A person ran a red light. They started giving the officer a hard time and eventually began swinging at the officer. They begin to get arrested. Can they search the person and can they search their car without a warrant? I am looking for both answers.
person getting arrested yes, car = no
A low ____________ of a crime means that the crime has little chance to be solved. Perhaps the bodies were found too late, the person may have escaped, the police force has little resources, etc.
Solvability Factor
A legal concept where the government’s interest (like public safety) outweighs an individual's constitutional rights.
Compelling Interest
Protects citizens' right to remain silent during and arrest and to have their rights read during arrest. Provide the amendment # AND the name of the warning that is read to the person being arrested.
5th amendment & Miranda Warning/Rights
Ruled that confessions obtained through prolonged mental coercion and sleep deprivation are inadmissible.
Ashcraft v. Tennessee
What can the police do to someone when they have reasonable suspicion? I am looking for 2 things cops can do and 1 they CANNOT.
Talk to them and/or stop and frisk. They CANNOT conduct a search.