Concepts
People who commit crime but are able to avoid detection by the law.
secret deviants
Crime results when there is a breakdown in the ability of social institutions to regulate the natural appetites of the individuals in society.
Anomie
Our sense of self-identity is built on the views that others have of us and how this identity can be negatively impacted through other people's reactions to our behavior.
Labeling Theory
Conflict Theory
Karl Marx
Social Reality of Crime
Richard Quinney
The application of the label in a criminal justice process transforms someone from a person who committed a deviant act to an evil person.
Dramatization of Evil
Lower class youths have cultural aspirations, but limited means to achieve, as a consequence they rebel through a process called reaction formation.
Status Frustration
Problematic ecological factors in neighborhood lead to low collective efficacy among residents which allows for higher rates of crime in the neighborhood.
Social Disorganization Theory
Developmental Taxonomy
Terri Moffitt
Social Disorganization Theory
Shaw and McKay
The law is an ideological device that mystifies, or renders opaque, the power of the dominant classes by pretending to be neutral in its protection of individuals regardless of their power.
Criminalization
The networks, norms, and trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.
social capital
Those who control the resources in society have the power to criminalize behavior that is in conflict with their economic interests.
Conflict Theory
Group Conflict Theory
George Vold
Containment Theory
Walter Reckless
The extent to which people living in the neighborhood believe that they can come together and solve their neighborhood problems (like crime) or advocate for change.
Collective Efficacy
Development is age-graded and hierarchical in nature, children acquire skills at each stage of development the failure to do so at one level damages development at later stages.
Developmental Psychopathology
Humans are group involved beings and society is a continuity of group interaction "of moves and countermoves, of checks and cross-checks.
Group Conflict Theory
Subcultural Theory
Manuel Castells and Alain Touraine
General Theory of Crime
Travis Hirshi and Michael Gottfriedson
the notion that proletariat (working class) do not recognize that they are being exploited by the bourgeoisie (ruling class) and indeed contribute to their own exploitation.
false consciousness
The combination of two or more theoretical approaches or concepts into a reformulated model with the intent of producing a more comprehensive explanation for criminal or deviant behavior.
Integrated Theory
Assumes a universal motivation to crime and deviance, asks why most people conform to law abiding behavior and convention values.
Control Theory
The Code of the Streets
Elijah Anderson
Age Graded Theory of Informal Social Control
Robert Sampson and John Laub