Criminal Justice 1
The criminal ___________ system is is designed to control crime by ___________, ___________, ___________, and ____________ people according to the law
Justice, Apprehending, Prosecuting, Convicting, Punishing
How did the federal government's power in law enforcement increase after September 11, 2001?
Creation of the Department of Homeland Security
Making more offenses a federal crime (guns, drugs, etc)
Most Law Enforcement Agencies are either ________ or ________ agencies.
State; Local
Suspects are brought before a judge where their rights are provided and a bail is set. The judge determines if there is enough probable cause for the case to move forward
Initial Appearance
For those that plead not guilty they are granted the right to have a trial by an impartial jury for charges that carry six months or more of imprisonment. Most trials are bench trials which are done in front of a judge only. About 10-15% cases go to trial, 5% go to jury trials
Trial
Elements/Goals of the Criminal Justice System
Hold offenders accountable for their actions
Protect the rights of all parties involved in a case.
All offenses are treated equally and fairly
Officials take into consideration differences of each offense
Officials have significant ability to act according to their own judgment and conscience regardless of level within the CJ system.
Discretion
Judges have discretion to apply the law how they see fit until ____________ by a higher court
Overruled
Prosecuting Attorneys decide whether they want to take the case on based on the probable cause provided by law enforcement
Charging
judge’s intent is to make the sentence suitable to the particular offender within the requirements of the law and within the goal of retribution.
Sentencing
What measures do police take to prevent crime?
Police: proactive policing/preventing repeat offenders
CJ agencies must please voters and develop connections with parties responsible for the allocation of resources( mayor, city council, voters, etc.)
Resource Dependence
dependent on members of the community to report crime
Investigation
judges or grand jury determines whether probable cause exists.
Preliminary Hearing/Grand Jury
Defendants found guilty of a crime can appeal the decision based on claims that procedures were not properly followed or that the law is unconstitutional (or the arrest). A successful appeal usually leads to a new trial.
Appeal
What measures can civilians take to prevent crime?
Citizens: Taking preventative measures (locking cars, situational awareness, etc)
All parts of the criminal justice system have distinct tasks that are carried out sequentially
Sequential Tasks
Taking a person into custody after determining probable cause exists.
Arrest
When the Grand Jury or Judge finds probable cause to move forward with the case. A warrant is issued.
Indictment/Information
Probation, intermediate incarceration, and incarceration are generally the sanctions that are imposed and supervised by correctional institutions
Corrections
power divided between the Federal and State Governments
Federalism
The CJ system screens and determines whether cases go to the next level, are rejected, or if the case processes need to be changed
Filtering Process
Procedure where administrative record is made of the arrest. (Fingerprinting, mugshots, etc)
Booking
The accused is taken before a judge and is read the indictment and charges they are facing. The accused then enters a plea and the judge makes sure the person understands the consequences of the plea.
accomplished through serving full sentence or by returning to the community through parole
Release