Criminal Trial
In a criminal case, the prosecution has to prove the defendant’s guilt ______.
beyond a reasonable doubt
What is another term used to describe when an offender relapses into criminal offending?
Recidivism
Physical punishment such as whipping and caning is known as ______ punishment.
corporal punishment
An person who is incarcerated who has never received a legal degree but has become well versed in legal matters while in prison is known as a jailhouse ______.
lawyer
A (Blank) is deliberately established for particular ends. If accomplishing an objective requires collective effort, people set up an organization to help coordinate activities and to provide incentives for others to join.
What is formal organization?
______ is the sentencing goal that seeks to isolate the people who are incarcerated from society to protect the public
Incapacitation
What is the most common form of criminal sanction in the United States?
probation
The study of the principles of punishment is called ______.
penology
A(n) ______ determines whether an offender has served the minimum terms of their incarceration and is ready for release.
parole hearing
What is obedience to an order or directive given by another person?
What is compliance?
What is the goal of a sentence that seeks to dissuade others in the public from committing the same crime?
deterrence
______ requirements of probation are rules that all offenders on community corrections must follow.
General
A ______ was a heavy iron device that covered an incarcerated person’s head to punish and deter those who slandered others.
gossip’s bridle
One part of prisonization is the adoption of prison slang known as ______.
argot
what depends on applying or threatening physical force to inflict pain, restrict movement, or control other aspects of a person’s life?
What is coercive Power?
What document is prepared by the target of the crime to inform the court how the crime affected them?
victim impact statement
______ violations are the most common cause of revocation of probation in the first 3 months of the probation sentence.
Technical
Corporal punishment continued until the ______, when the Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional.
1970s
Under the ______ model, the person who is incarcerated adapts to the prison environment.
deprivation
1 in ____ Americans have a criminal record (according to the documentary we watched in class).
4
Jury ______ is the process of deciding guilt or lack of guilt.
deliberation
What laws had most of John Augustus’ probationers broken?
vice and temperance laws
______ was the first correctional institution to operate under the 1870 Declaration of Principles.
Elmira Reformatory
The ______ resulted from the proliferation of jailhouse lawyer lawsuits.
1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act
According to (Blank), people in prison, having been convicted of wrongful behavior, should be the least eligible of all citizens for social benefits beyond the bare minimum required by law.
What is principle of least eligibility?