Moral Reasoning (Sandel)
This moral philosophy, prominently discussed by Sandel, argues that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness and welfare for society.
What is utilitarianism?
Gladwell's book explores the power of these rapid cognitions - decisions and judgments made in the blink of an eye without conscious deliberation.
What is thin-slicing?
This pillar provides an individual the opportunity to share their perspective before a decision is made.
What is voice?
This type of decision is influenced by subconscious associations rather than conscious intent.
What is implicit bias?
This U.S. President signed the executive order on December 18, 2014, establishing the Task Force on 21st Century Policing.
Who is Barack Obama?
According to Sandel's discussion of ancient philosophy, this Greek thinker believed that justice means giving people what they deserve based on virtue and excellence.
Who is Aristotle?
This psychologist developed the 'Love Lab' where he videotapes married couples and can predict divorce with 95% accuracy after watching one hour of interaction.
Who is John Gottman?
Under this pillar, an officer maintains professionalism regardless of others' behavior.
What is dignity / respect?
Gladwell describes a system in which our brain reaches conclusions without immediately telling us, sending messages through indirect channels such as these glands in our palms.
What are sweat glands?
The task force report begins by stating that this quality between law enforcement agencies and communities is 'essential in a democracy' and key to effective policing.
What is trust?
Sandel uses this natural disaster (Hurricane Charley) and the resulting spike in prices for essential goods to explore the ethics of market freedom versus fairness.
What is price gouging?
According to Gladwell, researcher Sybil Carrère discovered that marital outcomes could be predicted with fairly impressive accuracy using only this many minutes of a couple talking.
What is 3 (or three) minutes?
The idea that similar situations are handled in the same way without favoritism or bias.
What is neutrality?
This cognitive psychologist, cited by Gladwell, studies how people make effective decisions using limited information rather than exhaustive analysis.
Who is Gerd Gigerenzer?
The task force held listening sessions in these three U.S. cities during January and February 2015.
What are Washington, D.C., Phoenix, Arizona, and Cincinnati, Ohio?
Sandel identifies these three fundamental concepts that arguments about justice typically revolve around: maximizing this, respecting this, and promoting this.
What are welfare, freedom, and virtue?
Gladwell describes two strategies for decision-making: one that weighs every conceivable strand of evidence, and another exemplified by art experts who considered only what could be gathered in this brief moment.
What is a glance (or at first glance)?
This describes why the public accepts authority as appropriate and rightful, even when outcomes are unfavorable.
What is legitimacy?
This phenomenon explains why different interpretations of the same interaction emerge between officers and community members.
What is a perception gap?
The task force was given this many days to conduct hearings, review research, and make recommendations to the President.
What is 90 (or ninety) days?
This 18th-century philosopher argued that moral principles should be based on reason and autonomy, not on particular conceptions of happiness or the good life.
Who is Immanuel Kant?
Gladwell recommends avoiding this type of mistake, which involves defaulting to charisma and good looks as a proxy for effective leadership.
What is the Warren Harding error?
According to this, public judgment is shaped more by how decisions are made than by the outcome itself.
What is procedural justice?
Gottman published this ambitious 500-page treatise that applies mathematical rigor and precision to understanding relationship dynamics.
What is 'The Mathematics of Divorce'?
This ideology includes shifting the role of policing from a warrior mentality to this.
What is the guardian mindset?