Start of Middle Ages
What continent are we learning about?
AND
What empire took up most of this continent?
Europe
AND
The Roman Empire
What is a serf's job?
To farm the lord's land
Describe 2 differences between foot soldiers and knights.
- Foot soldiers are on foot but knights ride horses
- Foot soldiers had inexpensive armor but knights had expensive, metal armor
- Foot soldiers did not receive much training, knights had to train for many years
- Knights often came from rich families.
Where did most Europeans live in the BEGINNING of the Middle Ages? Where did most people live toward the END of the Middle Ages?
People first lived on farms in the countryside.
They eventually moved to towns.
Influential means...
Able to convince someone
What was the major event that transformed Europe and began the fall of the Roman Empire? Why did this happen?
The Roman Empire divided in half because it got too big
Name two things privileged children learned to do.
- embroider, dance, play music
- ride a horse
- use a sword
As a page, what did you have to do?
As a squire, what did you have to do?
Pages had to learn to use a sword, ride a horse, and serve the lord.
Squires had to polish armor, take care of horses, and learn to fight on horseback.
What was an apprentice?
Someone who trained with a master craftsman to learn a skill, without pay.
Highly respected or admired
Esteemed
After the Roman empire divided, what happened next that caused the empire to weaken?
Barbarians invaded the empire and took land
Why did serfs stay loyal to a lord?
Lords offered serfs protection from enemies.
What was the purpose of a joust?
Jousts were for entertainment. Knights participated to display their skills and win prizes.
What were some problems that emerged in towns in the Middle Ages?
- it was crowded, diseases spread quickly
- fires caught easily
- water supplies were polluted
- rats
Relevant
What is feudalism?
The way medieval society is organized: noblemen are gifted land by the king, and these noblemen rule over their land and the people that live there in exchange for protection.
Name 3 things serfs did for work.
- Plow the field and plant food
- Keep birds/animals away from crops
- Harvest food
- Chop wood and repair buildings/fences
What was the moral code knights followed? What did it say knights must do?
Chivalry.
Treat weaker members of society with kindness. Treat other knights with respect.
What was the middle class? What jobs were a part of the middle class?
Groups of people who had enough money to live comfortably, were above serfs and lower class members, but were below lords and upper class members.
- Merchants, craftsmen
Soldiers surrounding a building to take it over is...
a seige
Emperor Charlemagne of Rome gifted trusted noblemen with land in exchange for their loyalty.
What happens if a serf leaves the lord's village for over a year? What did these people have to do, if needed?
Disloyal serfs became FREEMEN.
Freemen would have to fight in a war because serfs are protected by the lord.
How did an aspiring knight's training prepare him for knighthood?
Each part of his training prepared him to be a knight on his own: fight with a sword on and off a horse, take care of his horse, take care of his armor, and support the lord.
Describe guilds and charters in medieval towns.
Guilds were groups of merchants and craftsmen that controlled the quality of goods sold as well as the wages/prices people could pay, to keep everything fair.
Charters were rules and laws made by members of the town, instead of the lord, if the lord was paid enough money in taxes.
Money paid to free someone that was captured is...
ransom