Knowledge: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
What tool do scientists use to measure the intensity of earthquakes?
A seismograph.
What does the word fault mean in terms of geology?
A crack in Earth's crust.
Which word fits best in the sentence?
I tiptoed ___________ downstairs to make sure nobody heard me.
1. Loudly
2. Silently
3. Quickly
Silently
How do igneous rocks form?
Magma cools.
Where are tectonic plates located within Earth's layers?
The crust.
Name two different ways that tectonic plates move to cause earthquakes and tsunamis.
- Slide past each other
- Pull apart
- Collide
What is geology?
The study of Earth, what it's made of, and how it changes over time.
Name at least two examples of when commas are needed.
- items in a series
- addresses
- dates
- to indicate a pause
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Sedimentary and igneous rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure.
List each of Earth's layers in order from inside the Earth to the outside.
Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust
What if the difference between an active and dormant volcano?
Active volcano: has erupted in the past 10,000 years and is likely to erupt again
Dormant volcano: has not erupted in a long time but may erupt again
What does the word state mean in terms of geology?
Being a solid, liquid, or gas
What does the suffix -ly mean?
In a __________ way.
What natural force slowly breaks rocks into smaller pieces?
Weathering
- Made of thick, dense rock
- The middle has movement made of neither liquid nor solid
- Creates convection currents that move tectonic plates
What happens under Earth’s surface that causes volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs to form at plate boundaries or above hotspots?
Pressure and heat force magma to move upward through cracks in Earth's surface.
Form a sentence using the word exert.
Ex: Arya exerted energy on the stage while dancing.
Ex: Schmidty exerts effort when he throws a football.
Ex: Mya will exert energy when she runs around the track.
True or False?
This sentence is punctuated correctly:
I went to the grocery store and bought sweet, strawberries, crunchy, grapes, and yellow bananas.
False
What happens at the seafloor when one tectonic plate slides under another?
An oceanic trench
What are the two types of Earth's crust?
- Oceanic crust
- Continental crust
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
The exact point on Earth's surface directly above where the shaking originates.
What is a subduction zone?
One tectonic plate slides beneath another.
What does the root word rupt mean?
To break or burst
What happens within the rock cycle to form sedimentary rocks from igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks slowly break into sediments that become sedimentary rocks due to pressure and time.
What evidence supports the theory that the continents were one supercontinent that broke apart?
- The coastlines of continents fit together like puzzle pieces
- Fossils and rocks matching from across continents