Ch.1 - Food & Nutrients
What are the five major group of nutrients in food?
The five major groups of nutrients in food are:
- Protein
- Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Vitamins
- Minerals
Why should we read the nutrition label when buying packaged food?
We should read the nutrition label because we need to know about the food's nutrition and ingredients.
Give three examples how infectious diseases spread.
Examples how infectious diseases spread:
- Animals
- Contact
- Food
- Droplets in the air
Give three examples of non-infectious diseases.
Some examples of non-infectious diseases are:
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Cancer
- Asthma
- Diabetes
We should use the Internet properly and avoid Internet ( ).
addiction
i) What is needed to help bowel movement and prevent constipation?
ii) Give one food that is rich with this nutrient.
i) Dietary fibre
ii) Grains, vegetables, fruits and beans for example.
Give two examples of food that is rich with the following:
Sodium
Sugar
Food that is rich in:
Sodium:
Bacon/canned food/instant noodles/sausages/potato chips
Sugar:
Candy/sweets/Ice-cream/Cheese cake/Coca Cola
Give four ways how can we prevent the spread of diseases that spread through droplets in the air and contact?
- Wash our hands regularly.
- Avoid touching our mouth and nose when going out.
- Use hand sanitizer.
- Avoid going to crowded places.
- Do not share personal items with others who are sick or do not use a patients personal items.
- Wear a mask.
How can we avoid falling ill? Give three ways.
We can avoid falling ill by:
- Having a healthy diet.
- Exercising regularly.
- Getting enough sleep.
- Staying happy and being in a good mood.
What should we pay attention to while making friends through online games and they want to meet you?
Should you tell them your personal information?
We have to very careful making friends online. Say no if they want to meet you because you do not know them.
Do not tell them your personal information.
Give the functions of the five main nutrients.
Protein:
Helps build and repair body tissues, body growth and provides our body with energy.
Vitamins:
Helps keep our body healthy.
Minerals:
Helps keep our body healthy.
Fats:
Provide us with energy and keeps us warm.
Carbohydrates:
Provides us with energy for daily activities.
What diseases may we have if we have too much sodium in our diet?
Too much sodium in our diet can cause high blood pressure. People with high blood pressure at risk from heart disease and stroke.
i) Most infectious diseases are caused by ( ) or ( ).
ii) What is larger?
i) bacteria/viruses
ii) Bacteria
Give two symptoms a stroke patient could have.
A stroke patient could have:
- Face drooping
- Speech difficulty
- Loss of balance
- Blurred vision
- Unable to move parts of the body
- Coma
Give two ways how can we prevent our computer from being infected with a computer virus?
We can install anti-virus software to make our computers more protected against viruses.
Another way is updating my computer regularly.
A third way is to not visit any suspicious websites.
Another way is to not open e-mails from unknown senders.
Give one example of food for the following nutrients.
- Protein
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C
Protein:
Fish/eggs/chicken/milk/soy milk/beans/tofu etc...
Sodium:
Pizza/bacon/sausages/instant noodles/potato chips etc...
Calcium:
Dairy products (milk/chocolate/cheese/yoghurt)
Vitamin B
Beans/cheese/milk/liver/kidney/chicken/red meat/fish/dark green vegetables
Vitamin C
Orange/lemon/grapefruit/lime/strawberries/blackcurrent/broccoli/kiwi
i) Give two examples of ways how food can become contaminated.
ii) How can we avoid contaminated food?
i) Food can become contaminated with pesticides and heavy metals.
ii) We can wash the food before eating or leave the food in water for half an hour.
If eating fruit, make sure you take off the skin before eating.
Give three example of diseases that spread through animals.
Some examples of diseases that spread through animals?
- Bird flu
- Dengue fever
- Zika virus
- Japanese encephalitis
- MERS
Give four possible symptoms of cancer.
Possible symptoms of cancer:
- Long-term coughing
- Changes in toilet habits
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of hearing
- Swallowing difficulties
- Abnormal bleeding
- Poor wound healing
- Lumps on the body
i) Copying or using works without the copyright owners' ( ) is against the copyright law.
ii) We should use the Internet properly and avoid Internet ( ).
i) permission
ii) addiction
What may happen to our body if we lack the following vitamins and minerals?
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
If we lack the following vitamins and minerals, we may have conditions such as:
Iron:
Often feeling dizzy and tired.
Calcium:
Rickets (weak and soft bones).
Vitamin A:
Poor night vision (night-blindness).
Vitamin B:
Poor growth.
Vitamin C:
Weak immune system and scurvy (bleeding gums).
Vitamin D:
Rickets (weak and soft bones).
i) Give three examples of food additives that can be found in processed food.
ii) Give the function of each the the three food additives.
i) Food additives that can be found in food are:
- Food colouring
- Flavour enhancers
- Preservatives
ii)
Food colouring:
Makes the food look bright and pretty.
Flavour enhancers:
Makes food tastier.
Food preservatives:
Makes food last longer.
Give one symptom for each of the following infectious diseases.
- Flu
- Food poisoning
- Hand, foot and mouth disease
Symptoms of flu:
- Sore throat, muscle pain, fever and headache.
Food poisoning:
- Diarrhoea and vomiting.
Hand, foot and mouth disease:
- Rashes all over the body and mouth sores.
Explain how a stroke, heart disease, asthma and cancer occur.
Stroke:
A stroke occurs when there are problems in the blood vessels around the brain which affects blood flow to the brain.
Heart disease:
Heart disease occurs when there are problems in the blood vessels around the heart which affects blood flow to the heart.
Asthma:
Asthma occur when the bronchi contracts suddenly.
Cancer:
Cancer occurs when cells grow abnormally.
Give three examples of ways how a computer virus can harm a computer.
Some examples how a computer virus can harm a computer:
- It can destroy or remove the files on the computer.
- It can cause the computer to not function properly.
- It can cause the computer to run slowly or not in the way it is supposed to.
- It could cause the computer to run out of battery quicker than normal.
- It could cause the computer to show abnormal pictures or have abnormal sounds.