pathology
infection of the visceral and parietal peritoneum and endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity
peritonitis
at which stage of renal failure is dialysis used?
stage 5
treatments for chronic glomerulonephritis
antihypertensives, diuretics, corticostoids if autoimmune
What are the two main functions of the kidneys?
1. regulatory- maintain acid/base balance, and fluid/electrolyte balance through urine elimination, filtration, and reabsorption
2. hormonal- controls RBC formation, blood pressure regulation, vitamin D activation
common risk factors for CKD
diabetic nephropathy, glomerular disease, diabetes, gout, polycystic kidneys, urinary tract disease, connective tissue diseases (lupus, polyarthririts)
what are the pros and cons of PD
can be done while sleeping, in home environment, fewer dietary and fluid restrictions, less risk for instability due to slower process
cons- less effective, risk for infection (cloudy), aseptic for the cath and patients struggle with this
treatment for pyelonephritis
antibiotics, long term or prophylactic, antipyretics
progressive, irreversible damage to the kidneys that lasts more than 3 months. broken down into 5 stages
chronic kidney disease
painless blood in the urine with a history of smoking
Urothelial cancers
list complications for hemodialysis
thrombosis, infection, aneurysm, ischemia, heart failure, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, cardiac events, infectious disease, hypoglycemia
medications for ESKD
phosphate binders, EPO, iron, antihypertensives, insulin (for high potassium), dialysis meds
repeated upper UTI exclusive to people who have anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract due to urinary stasis, reflux, or prolonged high doses of NSAIDs
chronic pyelonephritis
stage 5 of renal failure, azotemia
***uremia are symptoms of azotemia****
post care for hemodialysis nursing interventions
monitor for several hours after, VS and weight "dry weight", should be down from per-dialysis weight, temp might be slightly elevated, avoid invasive procedures for 4-6 hours after dialysis due to heparin administration
inflammation of the glomeruli allows passage of protein and red blood cells through the membrane and out through urine
chronic glomerulonephritis
abdominal tenderness, N/V/A, rigid board like abdomen, hypoactive bowel sounds, inability to pass gas, fever, dehydration
peritonitits
complications for PD
protein loss, peritonitis, constipation, weight gain during dwell time, potential back pain or hernia development, pain during installation especially when starting PD