Procedural Justice
According to procedural justice theory, what aspect of legal encounters is more influential in compliance than the punishment itself?
Fairness of the procedure.
Define "legitimacy" in the context of law and authority.
The belief that legal authorities have the right to dictate proper behavior and should be obeyed.
How does a social network with criminal ties impact an offender's view of the law?
It generally makes them view the law less favorably, especially if heavily saturated with criminal associates.
According to the study, what often motivates offenders to comply with the law, even if they dislike the police?
The perceived legitimacy of the law itself.
What was the name of the survey used in this study to gather data from active offenders in Chicago?
The Chicago Gun Project (CGP).
Name one of the key elements that influences how individuals perceive the fairness of legal decisions.
Neutrality, dignity, participation, or benevolence.
What did the study find to be a major factor in offenders’ compliance with the law?
Belief in the legitimacy of legal actors, especially police.
What term is used to describe a network where members have multiple overlapping roles, strengthening their influence on each other?
Multiplex ties.
What is a primary difference in how compliance is encouraged in offenders versus non-offenders?
For offenders, compliance is influenced more by perceptions of legitimacy within their social networks.
How many offenders participated in the CGP survey?
141 offenders.
Who pioneered the modern study of procedural justice and compliance with the law?
Tom Tyler.
What is one reason offenders may view the law as illegitimate?
Saturation of their social networks with criminal associates.
What is one effect of belonging to a dense network on a criminal’s perception of legal legitimacy?
Dense networks tend to reinforce negative perceptions of legal legitimacy.
How do procedural justice and compliance theories differ in explaining why people follow the law?
Procedural justice emphasizes fairness and legitimacy, while compliance theories often focus on deterrence through punishment.
Name one limitation of procedural justice research mentioned in the study.
Most research is based on general population samples, overlooking serious offenders.
According to the article, what kind of treatment during an arrest was shown to make people feel a sense of fairness even if the outcome was negative for them?
Being treated with respect by legal authorities.
How do general public perceptions of legitimacy differ from those of active offenders, according to the study?
Offenders often have more negative views of police but may still view the law itself as legitimate.
According to the article, why might peripheral gang members have more positive views of the law compared to core members?
Peripheral members have less exposure to criminal norms and may have more positive influences outside the gang.
Why are active criminals, despite their offenses, likely to follow most laws in their daily lives?
Crimes are episodic, and most offenders comply with laws for practical or social reasons.
What type of network analysis method was used to study the social influences on offenders?
Egocentric social network analysis.
In procedural justice, why might individuals accept legal decisions that go against their own interests?
If they perceive the process as fair and legitimate.
What two beliefs did the study find contribute most to criminals’ compliance with the law?
(a) Belief in the law's legitimacy and
(b) belief in the fairness of legal actors.
What does the term “saturated network” refer to in the context of criminology?
A network highly concentrated with criminal associates, which can negatively impact views on law and compliance.
What is a unique challenge in studying compliance among criminals compared to non-criminals?
Offenders’ compliance may be situational and influenced by specific legal encounters rather than a general belief in law.
Why is studying active street criminals challenging according to the article?
Many active criminals are not consistently available for study, making data collection difficult and samples limited.